
O/^ss J K 1 ^ 



\'^0% 



Constitution 

of 

The United States 




Washington 
Government Printing Ojffice 

1908 



? 



2 S' 



Constitution 

of 

The United States 







Washington 
Government Printing Office 

1908 



7 1908 

D. ot 0« 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES— 1787 * 



We the People of the United States, in Order to form a 
more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic 
Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the 
general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to 
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this 
Constitution for the United States of America. 

Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 Ball., 419; McCuUoch v. State of Maryland et al., 4 
Wh., 316; Brown et als. v. Maryland, 12 Wh., 419; Barron v. The Mayor and City 
Council of Baltimore, 7 Pet., 243; Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 Howard, 393; Lane 
County V. Oregon, 7 Wall., 71; Texas v. White et al., 7 Wall., 700; Claflin v. House- 
man, assignee, 93 U. S., 130; Williams v. BruSy, 96 U. S., 176; Tennessee v. Davis, 
lOU U. S., 257; Laugford v. United States, 101 U. S., 341; United States v. Joncsi 
109 U. S., 513; Fort Leavenworth Railroad Co. v, Lowe, 114 U. S., 525; The Chi- 
nese Exclusion Case, 130 U. S., 581; Geofroy v. Riggs, 133 U. S., 258; In re Neagle, 
135 U. S., 1; In re Ross, 140 U. S., 453; Logan v. United States, 144 U. S., 263; Las- 
celles V. Georgia, 148 U. S., 537; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U. S., 698; 
In re Tyler, 149 U. S., 164; United State* v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U. S., 1; 
Mattox V. United States, 156 U. S., 237; In re Quarles and Butler, 158 U. S., 532; 
In re Debs, Petitioner, 158 U. S., 564; Ward v. Race Horse, 163 U. S., 504; De Lima 
V. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 1; Prout v. Starr, 188 U. S., 537; Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 
197 U. S., 11; South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S., 437. 

* In May, 1785, a committee of Congress made a report recommending an alteration in 
the Articles of Confederation, but no action was taken on it, and it was left to the State 
Legislature to proceed in the matter. In January, 1786, the Legislature of Virginia 
passed a resolution providing for the appointment of five commissioners, who, or any 
three of them, should meet such commissioners as might be appointed in the other States 
of the Union, at a time and place to be agreed upon, to take into consideration the trade 
of the United States; to consider how far a uniform system in their commercial regula- 
tions may be necessary to their common interest and their permanent harmony; and to 
report to the several States such an act, relative to this great object, as, when ratified by 
them, will enable the United States in Congress effectually to provide for the same. The 
Virginia commissioners, after some correspondence, fixed the first Monday in September 
as the time, and the city of Annapolis as the place for the meeting, but only four other 
States were represented, viz: Delaware, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania; the 
commissioners appointed by Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Rhode 
Island failed to attend. Under the circumstances of so partial a representation, the com- 
missioners present agreed upon a report, (drawn by Mr. Hamilton, of New York,) 

1 



CONSTITUTIOIS'. 



ARTICLE. I. 

Section. 1. All leg-islative Powers herein granted shall be 
vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist 
of a Senate and House of Representatives. 

Hayburn's case (notes), 2 Ball., 409; Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649. 

Section. 2. ^The House of Representatives shall be com- 
posed of Members chosen everj^ second Year by the People of 
the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have 

expressing their unanimous conviction that it might essentially tend to advance the 
interests of the Union if the States by which they were respectively delegated would 
concur, and use their endeavors to procure the concurrence of the other States, in the 
appointment of commissioners to meet at Philadelphia on the second Monday of May 
following, to take into consideration the situation of the United States; to devise such 
further provisions as should appear to them necessary to render the Constitution of the 
Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union; and to report such an act 
for that purpose to the United States in Congress assembled as, when agreed to by them 
and afterwards confirmed by the Legislatures of every State, would effectually provide 
for the same. 

Congress, on the 21st of February, 1787, adopted a resolution in favor of a convention, 
and the Legislatures of those States which had not already done so (with the exception 
of Rhode Island) promptly appointed delegates. On the 25th of May, seven States hav- 
ing convened, George^Washington, of Virginia, was unanimously elected President, and 
the consideration of the proposed constitution was commenced. On the 17th of Septem- 
ber, 1787, the Constitution as engrossed and agreed upon was signed by all the members 
present, except Mr. Gerry, of Massachusetts, and Messrs. Mason and Randolph, of Vir- 
ginia. The president of the convention transmitted it to Congress, with a resolution 
stating how the proposed Federal Government should be put in operation, and an explan- 
atory letter. Congre.ss, on the 28th of September, 1787, directed the Constitution so 
framed, with the resolutions and letter concerning the same, to "be transmitted to the 
several Legislatures in order to be submitted to a convention of delegates chosen in each 
State by the people thereof, in conformity to the resolves of the convention." 

On the 4th of March, 1789, the day which had been fixed for commencing the opera- 
tions of Government under the new Constitution, it had been ratified by the conventions 
chosen in each State to consider it, as follows: Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsyl- 
vania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, December 18, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Con- 
necticut, January 9,1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788; South 
Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 1788; Virginia, June 26, 1788; and New 
York, July 26, 1788. 

The President informed Congress, on the 28th of January, 1790, that North Carolina 
had ratified the Constitution November 21, 1789; and\ie informed Congress on the 1st of 
June, 1790, that Rhode Island had ratified ti-e Constitution May 29, 1789. Vermont, in 
convention, ratified the Constitution January 10, 1791, and was, by an act of Congress 
approved February 18, 1791, "received and admitted into this Union as a new and entire 
member of the United States." 



, CONSTITUTION. 3 

the QualiHccations requisite for Electors of the most numerous 
Branch of the State Legislature. 

Ex parte Ynrbrougli, 110 U. S., 651; Wiley v. Sinkler, 179 U. S., 58. 

'No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have 
attained to the Age of twenty-five Years, and been seven Years 
a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, 
be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. 

^ * [Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned 
among, the several States which ma}- be included within this 
Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be 
determined by adding to the whole Number of free persons, 
including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and 
excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.] 
The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after 
the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and 
within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner 
as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives 
shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State 
shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enu- 
meration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be 
entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and 
Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five. New- York six 
New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland 
six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and 
Georgia three. ' ^ 

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 Howard, 393; Veazie Bank v. Fenno, 8 Wall., 538- 
Scholey v. Rew, 23 Wall., 331; De Treville v. Smalls, 98 U. S. 517; Gibbons v. Dis- 
trict of Columbia, 116 U. S., 404; Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (Income 
Tax case), 157U. S., 429; Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (Rehearing), 158 
U. S., 601; Thomas v. United States, 192 U. S., 363. 

*When vacancies happen in the Representation from any 
State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of 
Election to fill such Vacancies. 

' The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and 
other Ofiicers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. 

*The clause included in brackets is amended, in respect to apportionment of Repre- 
sentatives, by the 14th amendment, 2d section, p. 46. 



4 CONSTITUTION. 

Section. 3. ^ The Senate of the United States shall be com- 
posed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legis- 
lature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one 
Vote. 

^ Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence 
of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may 
be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first 
Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, 
of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and 
of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies 
happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of 
the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof ma}^ make 
temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legis- 
lature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. 

^ No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained 
to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of 
the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an 
Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 

* The Vice President of the United States shall be President 
of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally 
divided, 

^ The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a 
President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, 
or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United 
States. 

^ The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeach- 
ments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath 
or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is 
tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be 
convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Mem- 
bers present. 

'^ Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend fur- 
ther than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold 
and enjoy any Office of honor Trust or Profit under the United 



CONSTITUTION. 5 

States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable 
and subject to Indictinent, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, 
according to Law. 

Section. 4. * The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elec- 
tions for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in 
each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may 
at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as 
to the places of chusing Senators. 

Ex parte Siebold, 100 U. S.,371; Ex parte Clarke, 100 U. S.,399; Ex parte Yar- 
borough, no U. S., 651; United States i'. Waddell et al., 112 U. S., 76; In re Coy, 
• 127 U.S., 731. 

^The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, 
and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, 
unless the}^ shall b}^ law appoint a different Day. 

Section. 5. ^ Each House shall be the Judge of the Elec- 
tions, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a 
Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but 
a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and.ma}^ be 
authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in 
such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may 
provide. 

United States v. Ballin, 144 U. S., 1; In re Loney, 134 U. S., 317. 

''Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, 
punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the 
Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. 

Anderson v. Dunn, 6'Wh., 204; Kilbourn v. TtiompsoQ, 103 U. S., 168; United 
States V. Ballin, 144 U. S., 1; In re Chapman, 166 U. S., 661. 

^ Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and 
from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as 
may in their Judgment require Secrec}^; and the Yeas and 
Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, 
at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the 
Journal. 

Field V. Clark, 143 U. S., 649: United States v. Ballin, 144 U. S., 1; Twin City 
Bank v. Nebeker, 167 U. S., 196; Wilkes County v. Coler, 180 U. S., 506. 



6 COlSrSTITUTION. 

* Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, 
without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three 
days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two 
Houses shall be sitting. 

Section 6. ^ The Senators and Representatives shall receive 
a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, 
and paid out of the Treasury* of the United States. They 
shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the 
Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at 
the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and 
returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in 
either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

Cox V. M'Clenachan, 3 Ball., 478; Kilbourn v. Thompson, 103 U. S., 168. 

^No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for 
which he was elected, be appointed to any Civil Office under 
the Authority of the United States, which shall have been 
created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased 
during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the 
United States, shall be a Member of either House during his 
Continuance in Office. 

Section 7. ^ All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in 
the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose 
or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. 

Field V. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; Twin City Bank v. Nebeker, 167 U. S., 196. 

^ Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Repre- 
sentatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be 
presented to the President of the United States; If he approve 
he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objec- 
tions to that House in which it shall have originated, who 
shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and pro- 
ceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two 
thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be 
sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by 
which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by 



CONSTITUTION. 7 

two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all 
such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by- 
Yeas and Na3\s, and the Names of the Persons voting for and 
against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House 
respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the Presi- 
dent within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have 
been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like man- 
ner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjourn- 
ment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall ftot be a Law. 

Field V. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; United States v. Ballin, 144 U. S., 1; Twin City 
Bank V. Nebeker, 167 U. S., 196; La Abra Silver Mining Co. v. United States, 175 
U. S., 423; Wilkes County v. Coler, 180 U. S., 506. 

^ Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concur- 
rence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be 
necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be pre- 
sented to the President of the United States; and before the 
Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being- 
disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the 
Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules 
and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. 

Field r. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; United States v. Ballin, 144 U. S., 1; Fourteen 
Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U. S., 176. 

Section 8. The Congress shall have Power ^To lay and col- 
lect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and 
provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the 
United States; but all Duties, Imposts, and Excises shall be 
uniform throughout the United States; 

Hylton V. United States, 3 Dall., 171; McCulloch v. State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 
316; Loughborough v. Blake, 5 Wh., 317; Osborn v. Bank of the United States, 9 
Wh., 738; Weston et al. v. City Council of Charleston, 2 Pet., 449; Dobbins v. 
The Commissioners of Erie County, 16 Pet., 435; License Cases, 5 How., 504; 
Cooley V. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia et al., 12 How., 299; 
McGuire v. The Commonwealth, 3 Wall, 387; Van Allen v. The Assessors, 3 
Wall., 573; Bradley ?'. The People. 4 Wall., 4.59: License Tax Cases, 5 Wall., 462; 
Pervear v. The Commonwealth, 5 Wall., 475; Woodruff v. Parham, 8 Wall., 123; 
Hinson v. Lott, 8 Wall., 148; Veazie Bank v. Fenno, 8 Wall., 533; The Collector 
V. Day, 11 Wall., 113; United States v. Singer, 15 Wall., Ill; State tax on foreign- 
held bonds, 15 Wall., 300; United States v. Railroad Company, 17 Wall., 322; 
Railroad Company v. Peniston, 18 Wall., 5; Scholey v. Rew, 23 Wall., 331; 



8 COlSrSTITUTIOTf. 

National Bank v. United States, 101 U. S., 1; Springer v. United States, 102 U. S., 
586; Legal Tender Case, 110 U. S., 421; Head Money Cases, 112 U. S., 580; Van 
Brocklint;. State of Tennessee, 117 U. S., 151; Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; New 
York, Lake Erie and Western R. R. v. Pennsylvania, 153 U. S., 628; Pollock 
V. Farmers' Loan and Trust Co. (Income Tax Case), 157 U. S., 429; United States 
V. Realty Company, 163 U. S., 427; In re Kollodk, 165 U. S., 526; Nichols v. Ames, 
173 U. S., 509; Knowlton v. Moore, 178 U. S., 41; De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 1; 
Dooley v. United States, 182 U. S., 222; Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United 
States, 183 U. S., 176; Felsenheid v. United States, 186 U. S., 126; Thomas z). United 
States, 192 U. S., 363; Binns v. United States, 194 U. S., 486; South Carolina v. 
United States, 199 U. S., 487. 

^To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; 

McCuUoch V. The State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Weston et al. v. The City 
Council of Charleston, 2 Pet., 449; Bank of Commerce r. New York City, 2 Black, 
620; Bank Tax Cases, 2 Wall., 200; The Bank v. The Mayor, 7 Wall., 16; Bank v, 
Supervisors, 7 Wall., 26; Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 Wall., 603; National Bank v. 
Commonwealth, 9 Wall., 353; Parker?;. Davis, 12 Wall., 457; Legal Tender Case. 
110 U. S., 421; Home Insurance Company v. New York, 134 U. S., 594. 

^To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among 
the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; 

tcibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wh., 1; Brown et al. v. State of Maryland, 12 Wh., 419; 
Wilson et al. v. Black Bird Creek Marsh Company, 2 Pet., 245; Worcester v. 
The State of Georgia, 6 Pet., 515; City of New York v. Miln, 11 Pet., 102; 
United States v. Coombs, 12 Pet., 72; Holmes v. Jennison et al., 14 Pet., 540; 
License Cases, 5 How., 504; Passenger Cases, 7 How., 283; Nathan v. Louisiana, 
8 How., 73; Mager v. Grima et al., 8 How., 490; United States v. Marigold, 9 
How., 560; Cowley v. Board, of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia, 12 How., 299; 
The Propeller Genesee Chief et al. v. Fitzhugh et al., 12 How., 443; State of Penn- 
sylvania V. The Wheeling Bridge Company, 13 How., 518; Veazie et al. v. Moor, 

14 How., 568; Smith v. State of Maryland, 18 How., 71; State of Pennsylvania v. 
The Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company et al., 18 How., 421; Sinnitt v. 
Davenport, 22 How., 227; Foster et al. v. Davenport et al., 22 How., 244; Con- 
way et al. V. Taylor's ex., 1 Black, 603; United States v. Holliday, 3 Wall., 407; 
Gilman v. Philadelphia, 3 Wall., 713; The Passaic Bridges, 3 Wall., 782; Steam- 
ship Company v. Port Wardens, 6 Wall., Sl^Crandall v. State of Nevada, 6 
Wall., 35; White's Bank v. Smith, 7 Wall., 646; Waring v. The Mayor, 8 
Wall., 110; Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall., 168; Thomson v. Pacific Railroad, 9 Wall., 
579; Downham et al. v. Alexandria Council, 10 Wall., 173; The Clinton Bridge, 

' 10 Wall., 454; The Daniel Ball, 10 Wall., 557; Liverpool Insurance Company v. 

Massachusetts, 10 Wall., 566; The Montello, 11 Wall., 411; Ex parte McNiel, 13 
Wall., 236; State freight-tax, 15 Wall., 232; State tax on railway gross receipts, 

15 Wall., 284; Osborn v. Mobile, 16 Wall., 479; Railroad Company v. Fuller, 17 
Wall., 560; Bartemeyer v. Iowa, 18 Wall., 129; The Delaware railroad tax, 18 
Wall., 206; Peete v. Morgan, 19 Wall., 581; Railroad Company v. Richmond, 19 
Wall., 584; Railroad Company v. Maryland, 21 Wall., 456; The Lottawanna, 21 
Wall., 558; Welton v. The State of Missouri, 91 U. S., 275; Henderson et al. v. The 
Mayor of the City of New York, 92 U. S;, 259; Chy Lung v. Freeman et al., 92 
U. S., 275; South Carolina v. Georgia et al., 93 U. S., 4; Sherlock et al. v. Ailing, 
adm., 93 U. S., 99; United States v. Forty-three Gallons of Whisky, etc., 93 U. S., 



CONSTITUTIOIsr. 9 

188; Foster v! Master and Wardens of the Port of New Orleans, 94 U. S., 246; 
McCready v. Virginia, 94 U. S., 391; Railroad Co. v. Husen, 95 U. S., 465; Pound 
V. Turek, 95 U. S., 459: Railroad Co. v. Husen, 95 U. S., 465; Hall v. De Cuir, 95 
U. S., 485; Pensacola Tel. Co. v. W. U. Tel. Co., 96 U. S., 1; Beer Co. v. Massachu- 
setts, 97 U. S., 25; Cook v. Pennsylvania, 97 U. S., 566; Transportation Co. v. 
Wheeling, 99 V. S., 273; Packet Co. v. St. Louis, 100 U. S., 423; Guy v. Baltimore, 
100 U. S..4.'i4; Kirtliuid v. Hotchkiss, 100 U. S., 491; Machine Co. i'. Gage, 100 
U. S., 676; Trade-mark Cases, 100 U. S., 82: Wilson r. McNuniee, 102 U. S. 572; 
Tiernan v. Rinker, 102 U. S., 123; Lord v. Steamship Co., 102 U. S., 641; County 
of Mobile v. Kimball. 102 U. S., 691; Telegraph Co. v. Texas, 106 U. S., 460; Bridge 
Co. v. United States, 105 U. S., 470; Wiggins Ferry Co. v. East St. Louis, 107 U.S., 
365; Turner !'. Maryland, 107 U. S., 38; Escamlja Company v. Chicago, 107 U. S., 
678: Miller r. Mayor of New York, 109 U. S., 385; Moran v. New Orleans, 112 U. S., 
69; Foster v. Kansas, 112 U. S., 201; Head Money Cases, 112 U. S., 580; Cardwell 
r..American Bridge Co., 113 U. S., 205; Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Fergu.son 
et al., 113 U. S., 727; Gloucester Ferry Co. v. Pennsylvania, 114 U. S., 196; Brown 
etal. V. Houston, Collector, et al., 114 U. S., 622; Railroad Commission Cases, 116 
U.S., 307, 347, 352; Walling v. Michigan, 116 U. S.,446: Coe v. Errol, 116 U. S., 517; 
Pickard v. Pullman Southern Car Co., 117 U. S., 34; Tennessee ;■. Pullman South- 
ern Car Co., 117 U. S., 51; Morgan v. Louisiana, IIS U. S., 466; Wabash, St. Louis 
& Pacific Railway i'. Illinois, 118 U. S., 667; United States v. Kagama, 118 U. S., 
375; Philadelphia Fire Association v. New York, 119 U. S., 110; Johnson v. 
Chicago & Pacific Elevator Co., 119 U. S., 388; Robbins v. Shelby County Taxing 
District, 120 U. S,, 489; Corson r. Maryland, 120 U. S., 502; Fargo v. Michigan, 121 
U. S., 230; Philadelphia & Southern Steamship Co. v. Pennsylvania, 122 U. S., 
326: Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Pendleton, 122 U. S., 347; Sands v. Manistee 
River Improvement Co., 123 U. S., 288; Smith v. Alabama, 124 U. S., 465; Willa- 
mette Iron Bridge Co. v. Hatch, 125 U. S., 1; Pembina Mining Co. v. Pennsyl- 
vania, 125 U. S., 181; Bowman v. Chicago & Northwestern Railway Co., 125 U. S., 
465; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Massachusetts, 125 U. S., 530; California v. 
Pacific Railroad Co., 127 U. S., 1^ Ratterman v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 
227 U. S., 411; Leloup v. Port of Mobile, 127 U. S., 640; Kidd v. Pearson, 128 U. S., 
1; Asher v. Texas, 128 U. S. 129; Nashville, Chattanooga, etc.. Railway v. 
Alabama, 128 U. S., 96; Stoutenburgh v. Hennick, 129 U. S., 141; Kimmish v. 
Ball, 129 U. S., 217; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Alabama, 132 U. S., 472; 
Fritts i'. Palmer, 132 IT. S., 282; Louisville, New Orleans, etc., R. R. v. Mississippi, 
133 U. S., 687; Leisy v. Harding, 136 U. S., 100; Cherokee Nation v. Southern 
Kansas R. R., 135 U. S., 641; McCall v. California, 136 U. S., 104; Norfolk & 
Western R. R. Co. v. Pennsylvania, 136 U. S., 114; Minnesota v. Barber, 136 U. S., 
318; Texas & Pacific R. R. v. Southern Pacific Co., 137 U. S., 48; Brimmer v. 
Rebman, 138 U. S., 78; Manchester v. Massachusetts, 139 U. S., 240; In re Rahrer, 

140 U. S., 645; Pullman Palace Car Co. i'. Pennsylvania, 141 U. S., 18; Massachu- 
setts V. Western L^nion Telegraph Co., 141 U. S., 40; Crutcher v. Kentucky, 141 
U. S., 47; Voight v. Wright, 141 U. S., 62; Henderson Bridge Co. v. Henderson, 

141 U. S., 679; In re Garnett, 141 U. S., 1; Maine v. Grand Trunk Railway Co., 

142 U. S., 217; Nishimura Ekiu v. The United States, 142 U. S., 651; Pacific Ex- 
press Co. V. Seibert, 142 U. S., 339; Horn Silver Mining Co. v. New York, 143 
U. S., 305; Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649: O'Neil v. Vermont, 144 U. S., 323; Fick- 
len V. Shelby County Taxing District, 145 U. S., 1; Lehigh Valley Railroad c. 
Pennsylvania, 146 U. S., 192; Harmon v. Chicago, 147 U. S., 396; Mouongahela 
Navigation Co. r. United States, 148 U. S., 312; Brennan v. Titusville, 163 U. S., 
289; Braes v. Stoeser, 153 U. S., 391; Ashley v. Ryan, 163 U. S., 436; Luxton v. 



10 COTSrSTITUTION. 

North River Bridge Co., 163 U. S., 525; Postal Telegraph Co. v. Charleston, 153 
U. S., 692; Covington & Cincinnati Bridge Co. v. Kentucky, 164 U. S., 204; Inter- 
state Commerce Commission v. Brimson, 154 U. S., 447; Plumley i^.i^Massachu- 
setts, 155 U. S., 461; Texas & Pacific Railway v. Interstate Transportation Co., 
165 U. S., 585; Hooker v. California, 156 U. S., 648; Postal Telegraph Cable Co. v. 
Adams, 155 U. S., 688; United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 1,56 U. S., 1; Emert v.^ 
Missouri, 156 U. S., 296; Pittsburg & Southern Coal Co. v. Bates, 156 U. S., 677; 
Pittsburg & Southern Coal Co. v. Louisiana, 156 U. S., 590; Gulf, Colorado 
& Santa F6 Railway Co. v. Hefley, 158 U. S., 98; New York, Lake Erie & 
Western R. R. Co. v. Pennsylvania, 158 U. S., 431; In re Debs, Petitioner, 158 
U. S., 664; Geer v. Connecticut, 161 U. S., 519; Western Union Telegraph Co. 
V. James, 162 U. S., 650; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Taggart, 163 U. S. 
1; Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Illinois, 163 U. S., 142; Hennington v. Georgia, 
163 U. S., 299; Osborne v. Florida, 164 U. S., 660; Scott v. Donald, 166 U. S., 58; 
Adams Express Co. v. Ohio State Auditor, 166 U. S., 194; Lake Shore & Michigan 
Southern Railway Co. v. Ohio, 165 U. S., 366; N. Y., N. H. & Hartford R. R. Co. 
V. New York, 165 U. S., 628; Gladson v. Minnesota, 166 U. S., 427; Henderson 
Bridge Co. v. Kentucky, 166 U. S., 150; St. Anthony Falls Water Power Co. v. St. 
Paul Water Commissioners, 168 U. S., 349; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail- 
way Co. ■;;. Solan, 169 U. S., 133^ Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Co. v. Haber, 
169 U. S., 613; Richmond & Alleghany R"^ R. Co. v. R. A. Patterson Tobacco Com- 
pany, 169 U. S., 311; Rhodes v. Iowa, 170 U. S., 412; Vance v. W. A. Vandercook, 
No. 1, 170 U. S. , 438: Schollenberger v. Pennsylvania, 171 U. S., 1; Collins v. New 
Hampshire, 171 U. S., 30; Patapsco Guano Co. v. North Carolina, 171 U. S., 346; 
New York v. Roberts, 171 U. S., 658; Hopkins v. United States, 171 U. S., 578: An- 
derson V. United States, 171 U. S., 604; Green Bay & Mississippi Canal Co. v. Pat- 
ten Paper Co., 172 U. S., 68; Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Co. v. 
Ohio, 173 U. S., 286; Henderson Bridge Co. v. Henderson City, 173 U. S., 592; Mis- 
souri, Kansas & Texas Railway Co. v. McCann, 174 U. S., 580; Addystone Pipe 
and Steel Co. v. United States, 176 U. S. 211; Louisiana v. Texas, 176 U. S., 1; 
United States v. Bellingham Bay Boom Co., 176 U. S., 211; Lindsay & Phelps Co. 
V. Mullen, 176 U. S., 126; Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas, 177 U. S., 28; New 
York Life Insurance Co. v. Cravens, 178 U. S., 389; Scranton v. Wheeler, 
179 U. S., 141; Williams v. Fears, 179 U. S., 270; Wisconsin, Minnesota & Pacific 
Railroad Co. ■;;. Jacobson, 179 U. S., 287; Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co. 
V. Kentucky, 179 U. S., 388; Reymann Brewing Co. v. Brister 179 U. S., 
445; W. W. Cargill Co. v. Minnesota, 180 U. S., 462; Rasmussen v. Idaho, 
181 U. S., 198; Smith v. St. Louis & Southwestern Railroad Co., 181 
U. S. 248; Capital City Dairy Co. v. Ohio, 183 U. S., 238; Louisville & Nash- 
ville Railroad Co. v. Kentucky, 183 U. S., 603; Nutting v. Massachusetts, 183 
U. S., 653; McChord v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co., 183 U. S., 483; Louis- 
ville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Eubank, 184 U. S., 27; Stockard v. Morgan, 185 
U. S., 27; Minneapolis & St. Louis R, R. Co. v. Minnesota, 186 U. S., 257; Reid v. 
Colorado, 187 U. S., 137; Western Union Tel. Co. v. New Hope, 187 U. S., 419; 
Diamond Glue Co. v. United States Glue Co., 187 U. S., 611; Louisville, etc., 
Perry Co. v. Kentucky, 188 U. S., 385; United States v. Lynah, 188 U. S., 445; 
Cummingsv. Chicago, 188 U. S., 410; The Roanoke, 189 U. S., 185; Montgomery 
V. Portland, 190 U. S., 89; Patterson v. Bark Eudora, 190 U. S., 169; Allen v. Pull- 
man Co., 191 U. S., 171; Pennsylvania R. R. Co. v. Knight, 192 U. S., 21; Postal 
Telegraph-Cable Co. v. Taylor, 192 U. S., 64; Grossman v. Lurman, 192 U. S., 189; 
St. Clair County v. Interstate Transfer Co., 192 U. S., 454; Buttfleld v. Stranahan, 
192 U. S., 470; American Steel & Wire Co. v. Speed, 192 U. S., 600; Northern 



CONSTITUTION. 1 1 

Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U. S., 197; Montague & Co. v. Lowry, 193 U. 
S., 38; Field v. Barber Asphalt Co., 194 U. S., 618; Minnesota v. Northern Securi- 
ties Co., 194 U. S., 48; Olsen . . Smith, 19.5 U. S., 332; Western Union Telegrnph 
Co. V. Pennsylvania R. R., 19.5 U. S., 540; Central of Georfjia Railway Co. r. 
Murphey, 196 U. S., 194; American Express Co. v. Iowa, 196 U. S., 133; Cook v. 
Marshall County, 196 U. S..261: Matter of Hefl (Indian), 197 U. S.,488; Foppiano 
V. Speed, 199 U. S., 501. 

*To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization/ and uni- 
form Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the 
United States;^ 

^Sturges V. Crowninshield, 4 Wh., 122; 2 McMillan v. McNeil, 4 Wh., 209; 
2 Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, Pennsylvania, v. Smith, 6 Wh., 131; ^Ogden v. 
Saunders, 12 Wh., 213; '-Boyle v. Zacharie and Turner, 6 Pet., 348; 1 Gassies v. 
Ballon, 6 Pet., 761; 2 Beers et al. v. Haug-hton,- 9 Pet., 329; -'Suydam et al. v. 
Broadnax, 14 Pet., 67; 2 Cook v. Moffat et al., 5 How., 295; ' Dred Scott v. San- 
ford, 19 How., 393; 1 Nishimura Ekiu v. The United States, 142 U. S., 651; - Han- 
over National Bank v. Moyses, 186 U. S., 181. 

■' To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign 
Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; 

Briscoe v. The Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, 11 Pet., 257; Fox v. 
The State of Ohio, 5 How., 410; United States v. Marigold, 9 How., 560. 

^ To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Se- 
curities and current Coin of the United States; 

Fox V. The State of Ohio, 6 How., 410; United States v. Marigold, 9 How., 560. 

'To establish Post Ofiices and post Roads; 

state of Pennsylvania v. The Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company, 18 
How., 421; Pensacola Telegraph Co. v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 96 U. S., 
1; Ex Parte Jackson, 96 U. S., 727; in re Rapier, 143 U. S., 110; Horner v. United 
■ States, 143 U. S., 207; In re Debs, Petitioner, 1.58 U. S., 564; Illinois Central Rail- 
road Co. V. Illinois, 163 U. S., 142; Gladson 'v. Minnesota, 166 U. S., 427; Public 
Clearing House v. Coyne, 194 U. S., 497; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Penn- 
sylvania R. R. Co., 185 U. S., 540. 

* To promote ttie Progress of Science and useful Arts, by 
securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the ex- 
clusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; 

Grant et al. v. Raymond, 6 Pet., 218; Wheaton et als. v. Peters et als., 8 Pet., 
591; Trade-mark Cases, 100 U. S.,'82; Burrow Giles LithoffiapMc Co. v. Sarony, 
111 U. S., 53; United-States v. Duell, 172 U. S., 576. 

19628—08 2 



12 coisrsTiTUTiOTsr. 

^ To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; 
" To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on 
the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; 

United States v. Palmer, 3 Wh., 610; United States v. Wiltberger, 5 Wh., 76; 
United States v. Smith, 5 Wh., 153; United States v. Pirates, 5 Wh., 184; United- 
States V. Arjona, 120 U. S., 479. 

" To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, 
and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and. Water; 

Brown v. United States, 8 Cr., 110; American Insurance Company et al. v. 
Canter (356 bales cotton), 1 Pet., 511; Mrs. Alexander's cotton, 2 Wall., 404; Mil- 
ler V. United States, 11 Wall,, 268; Tyler «. Defrees, 11 Wall., 331; Stewart -y. 
Kahn, 11 Wall., 493; Hamilton v. Dillon, 21 Wall., 73; Lamar, ex., v. Browne et 
al., 92 U. S., 187; Mayfield v. Richards-, 115 U. S., 137; The Chinese Exclusion 
Cases, 130 U. S., 581; Mormon Church v. United States, 136 U. S., 1; Nishimura 
Ekiu V. The United States, 142 U. S., 651. 

^^ To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of 
Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; 

, Crandall v. State of Nevada, 6 Wall, 35; Nishimura Ekiu v. The United States, 
UZ V. S., 651. 

^^ To provide and maintain a Navy ; 

United States v. Bevans, 3 Wh., 336; Dynes v. Hoover, 20 How., 65. 

^* To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the 
land and naval Forces; 

'^To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the 
Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; 

Houston V. Moore, 5 Wh., 1; Martin v. Mott, 12 Wh., 19; Luther v. Borden, 7 
How., 1; Crandall v. State of Nevada, 6 Wall., 85; Texas v. White, 7 Wall., 700. 

^"To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the 
Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be em- 
ployed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the 
States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the 
Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline 
prescribed by Congress; 

Houston V. Moore, 5 Wh., 1; Martin v. Mott, 12 Wh., 19; Luther v. Borden, 7 
How., 1; Pressors. Illinois, 116 U. S., 252. 

^^ To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, 
over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by 
Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, 



CONSTITUTION. 13 

become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and 
to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the 
Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same 
shall be, for the Erection of Forts, JNIao-azines, and Arsenals, 
dock- Yards, and other needful Buildings; — And 

Hepburn et al. v. Ellzey, 2 Or., '141; Loughborough v. Blake, 5 \Vh., 317, 
Cohens v. Virginia, 6 Wh., 26-1; American Insurance Company r. Canter (3o6 
bales cotton), 1 Pet., 511; Kendall, Postmaster-General, r. The United States, 
12 Pet., 524; United States v. Dewitt, 9 Wall.,. 41; Dunphy v. Kleinsmith et al., 
11 Wall., 610;' Willard v. Presbury, 14 Wall., 676; Kohl et al. i-. United States, 91 
U. S., 3C>7; Phillips v. Payne, 92U.S., 130; United States r. Fox, 94 U. S., 315; 
Fort Leavenworth R. R. Co. r. Lowe, 114 U. S., 525; Gibbons v. District of Co- 
lumbia, 116 U.S., 404; Van Brocklin v. State of Tennessee, 117 U.S., 151; Stouten- 
burgh t'. Henuick, 129 U. S., 141; Geofroy v. Riggs, 133 U. S., 258; Benson v. 
United States, 146 U. S., 325; Shoemaker r. United States, 147 U. S., 282; Chap- 
pell r. United States, If.O U. S., 499; Ohio v. Thomas, 173 U. S., 276; Wight v. 
Davidson, 181 U. S., 371. 

^* To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for 
carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other 
Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the 
United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. 

McCulloeh I'. The State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Wayman v. Southard, 10 
Wh., 1; Bank of United States v. Halstead, 10 Wh., .51; Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 
Wall., 603; National Bank v. Commonwealth, 9 Wall., 353; Thomson v. Pacific 
Railroad, 9 Wall., 579; Parker v. Davis, 12 Wall., 4.57; Railroad Company v. 
Johnson, 15 Wall., 195; Railroad Company r. Peniston, 18 Wall., 5; United States 
V. Fox, 95 U. S., 670; United States v. Hall, 98 U. S., 343; Tennessee ■v..Davis, 100 
U. S., 257; Ex parte Curtis, 106 U. S., 371; Legal Tender case, 110 U. S., 421; 
Stoutenburgh v. Hennick, 129 U. S., 141; The Chinese Exclusion Case, 130 U. S., 
581; Crenshaw v. United States, 134 U. S., 99;' Cherokee] Nation v. Southern 
Kansas R. R., 135 U. S., 641; Nishimura Ekiu v. The United States, 142 U. S., 
651; Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; Logan v. United States, 144 U. S. 263; Fong 
Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U. S., 698; Lees v. United States, 150 U. S., 476; 
Interstate Commerce Commission v. Brimson, 154 U. S., 447; Clune v. United 
States, 159 U. S., 590; Motes v. United States, 178 U. S., 458; Buttfield v. Strana- 
han, 192 U. S., 470. 

Section. 9. ^ The Migration or Importation of such Persons 
as an}^ of the States now^ existing shall think proper to admit, 
shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one 
thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or dutv may be 
imY)osed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for 
each Person. 

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 19 How., 393. 



14 cpisrsTiTUTioTsr. 

^The Privileg-e of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be 
suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the 
public Safety may require it. 

United States v. Hamilton, 3 DalL, 17; Hepburn et al. v. Ellzey, 2 Cr., 445; Ex 
parte BoUman and Swartwout, 4Cr., 75; Ex parte Kearney, 7 Wh., 38; Ex parte 
Tobias Watliins, 3 Pet., 192; Ex parte Milbiirn, 9 Pet., 704; Holmes v. Jennison 
etal., 14 Pet., 540; Ex parte Dorr, 3 How., 103; Luther v. Borden, 7 How., 1; " 
Ableman v. Booth and United States v. Booth, 21 How., 506; Ex parte Vallan- 
digham, 1 Wall., 243; Ex parte Mulligan, 4 Wall., 2; Ex parte McCardle, 7 
Wall., 506; Ex parte Yerger, 8 Wall., 85; Tarble's case, 13 Wall., 397; Ex parte 
Lange, 18 Wall., 163; E*x parte Parks, 93 U. S., 18; Ex parte Karstendick, 93 
U. S., 396; Ex parte Virginia, 100 U. S., 339; In re Neagle, 135 U. S., 1; In re 
Frederick, 149 U. S., 70; United States v. Sing Tuck, 194 U. S., 161; United States 
V. Ju Toy, 198 U. S., 253; Carfer v. Caldwell, 200 U. S., 293. ^ 

^ No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. 

Fletcher i). Peck, 6 Cr., 87; Ogden v. Saunders, 12, Wh., 213; Watson et al. v. 
Mercer, 8 Pet., 88; Carpenter et al. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 17 How., 
456; Locke v. New Orleans, 4 Wall., 172; Cummings v. the State of Missouri, 4 
Wall., 277; Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; Drehman v. Stifle, 8 Wall., 595; Klinger 
V. State of Missouri, 13 Wall., 257; Pierce v. Carskadon, 16 Wall., 234; Hopt v. 
Utah, 110 U. S., 547; Cook v. United States, 138 U. S., 157; Neely v. Heukel (No. 
1), 180 U. S., 109; Southwestern Coal Co. v. McBride, 185 U. S., 199. 

* No Capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in 
Proportion to the Census or Enumeration hereinbefore directed 
to be taken. 

License Tax Cases, 5 Wall., 462; Springer v. United States, 102 U. S., 586; 
Nichol V. Ames, 173 U. S., 599; South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S., 437. 

^ No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from 
any State. 

Cooley V. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia, 12 How., 299; Pace v. Bur- 
gess, collector, 92 U. S., 372; Turpin v. Burgess, 117 U. S., 504; Pittsburg & South- 
ern Coal Co. V. Bates, 156 U'. S., 577; Nichols v. Ames, 173 U. S., 509; Williams v. 
Fears, 179 U. S., 270; De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S., 1; Dooley v. United States, 
183 U. S., 151; Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U. S., 176; Cornell 
V. Coyne, 192 U. S., 418; South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S., 437. 

® No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Com- 
merce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of 
another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be 
obliged to enter, clear, or pa}^ Duties in another. 

Cooley V. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia et ah, 12 How., 299; State 
of Pennsylvania v. Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company et al., 18 How., 421; 
Munn V. Illinois, 94 U. S., 113; Packet Co. v. St. Louis, 100 U. S., 423; Packet Co. 
V. Catlettsburg, 105 U. S., 559; Spraigue v. Thompson, 118 U. S., 90; Morgan v. 
Louisiana, 118 U. S., 455; Johnson v. Chicago & Pacific Elevator Co., 119 U. S., 
388; South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S., 437. 



OONSTITUTIOlsr. 15 

^ No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Conse- 
quence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular State- 
ment and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all 
public Mone}' shall be published from time to time. 

' No Title of Nobility shall be j>-ranted by the United States: 
And no Person holdiiio- any Office of Prolit or Trust under 
them, shall without the Consent of the Congress, accept of 
any present. Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind what- 
ever, from anv Kino-, Prince, or foreign State. 

Section. 10. ^ No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, 
or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal ; coin 
Money; emit Bills of Credit; ^ make any Thing but gold and 
silver Coin a Tender m Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of 
Attainder, ex post facto Law,^ or Law impairing the Obliga- 
tion of Contracts,'' or grant any Title of Nobility. 

2Calcler and wife v. Bull and wife, 3 Dall., 386; 3 Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cr., 87; 
estate of New Jersey v. Wilson, 7 Cr., 164; ^Sturgis v. Crowningahield, 4 Wh., 
122; « McMillan v. McNeil, 4 Wh., 209; '■> Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 4 Wh.| 
518; -Owings v. Speed, b Wh., 420; " Farmers and Mechanics' Bank v. Smith, (3 
Wh., 131; ^ Green et al. r. Biddle, 8 Wh., 1; SQgden v. Saunders, 12 Wh., 213; 
« Mason v. Haile, 12 Wh., 370; ^Satterlee v. Matthewson, 2 Pet., 380; 3 Hart r. 
Lamphire, 3 Pet., 280; 'Craig et al. v. State of Missouri, 4 Pet., 410; s Provi- 
dence Bank v. Billings and Pitman, 4 Pet., 514; i Byrne v. State of Missouri, 8 
Pet., 40; 2 Watson v. Mercer, 8 Pet., 88; s Mumma v. Potomac Company, 8 Pet., 
281; 3 Beers v. Haughton, 9 Pet., 329; 'Briscoe et al. v. The Bank of the Com- 
monwealth of Kentucky, 11 Pet., 257; SThe Proprietors of Charles River Bridge 
V. The Proprietors of Warren Bridge, li Pet., 420; 3 Armstrong v. The Treasurer 
of Athens Company, 16 Pet., 281; ^Bronson v. Kinzie et al., 1 How., 311; 3 Mc- 
Cracken v. Hayward, 2 How., 608; 3 Gordon v. Appeal Tax Court, 3 How., 133; 
3 state of Maryland v. Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co., 3 How., 534; s^eil, Moore 
& Co. v. state of Ohio, 3 How., 720; 3 Cook v. Moffatt, 5 How., 295; 3 Planters' Bank 
V. Sharp et al., 6 How^., 301; 3 West River Bridge Company i\ Di.x: et al., 6 How., 
507; 3 Crawford et al. v. Branch Bank of Mobile, 7 How., 279; 3 Woodruff v. Trap- 
nail, 10 How., 190; 3paup et al. v. Drew, 10 How., 218; 2, 3 Baltimore and Susque- 
hanna R. R. Co. V. Nesbitt et al., 10 How., 395; sBuiler et al. v. Pennsylvania, 10 
How., 402; 1 Darrington et al. v. the Bank of Alabama, 13 How., 12; 3 Richmond, 
&c., R. R. Co. V. The Louise R. R. Co., 13 How., 71; aTrusteesfor Vincennes Univer- 
sity V. state of Indiana, 14 How., 268; 3 Curran v. State of Arkansas et al., 15 How., 
304; 3State Bank of Ohio i\ Knoop, 16 How., 369; 2Carpenter et al. v. Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania, 17 How., 456; sDodge v. Woolsey, 18 How., 331; 3Beers 
V. State of Arkansas, 20 How., 527; 'Aspinwall et al. v. Commissioners of County 
of Daviess, 22 How.. 364; 3 Rector of Christ- Church, Philadelphia, v. County 
of Philadelphia, 24 How., 300; 3 Howard v. Bugbee, 24 How., 461; 3 Jeffer- 
son Branch Bank v. Skelley, 1 Black, 436; 3 Franklin Branch Bank r. State of 
Ohio, 1 Black, 474; 3 Trustees of the Wabash and Erie Canal Company v. Beers 



16 CONSTITUTION. 

2 Black, 448; sGilmah v. City of Sheboygan, 2 Black, 510; s Bridge Proprietors v. 
Hoboken Company, 1 Wall., 116; a Hawthorne v. Calef, 2 Wall., 10; ^The Bing- 
hamton Bridge, 3 Wall., 51; ^The Turnpike Company v. The State, 3 Wall., 210; 
2 Locke II. City of New Orleans, 4 Wall., 172; s Railroad Company^. Rock, 4 Wall., 
177; scummings v. State of Missouri, 4 Wall., 277; -'Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 
333; 3 Von Hoffman v. City of Quiucy, 4 Wall., 535; ^ Mulligan v. Corbin, 7 Wall., 
487; ^Furman v. Nichol, 8 Wall., 44; ^Home of the Friendless v. Rouse, 8 Wall., 
430; sThe Washington University v. Rouse, 8 Wall., 439; ^Butz v. City of Musca- 
tine,8Wall., 575; sDrehman t). Stifle, 8 Wall., 595; sHepburnv. Griswold, 8WalL, 
'603; 2Gut V. The State, 9 Wall., 35; sRailroad Company v. McClure, 10 Wall., 511; 
sparker v. Uavis, 12 Wall., 457; scurtis v. Whiting, 13 Wall., 68; ^Pennsylvania 
College Cases, 13 Wall., 190; s Wilmington R. R. v. Reid, sheriff, 13 Wall., 264; 
3Salt Company v. East Saginaw, 13 Wall., 373; sWhite v. Hart, 13 Wall., 646; 
sQsborn v. Nicholson et al., 13 Wall., 654; ^ Railroad Company v. John.son, 
15 Wall., 195; sCase of the State tax on foreign-held bonds, 15 Wall., 300; 
sfomlinson v. Jessup, 15 Wall., 454; sxomliiison r. Branch, 15 Wall., 460; 
SMiller v. The State, 15 Wall., 478; ^ Holyoke 'Company v. Lyman, 15 Wall., 
500; sGunn v. Barry, 15 Wall., 610; s Humphrey v. Pegues, 16 Wall., 244; » Wal- 
ker V. Whitehead, 16 Wall., 314; ssohn v. Waterson, 17 Wall., 596; s Bar- 
ings V. Dabney, 19 Wall., 1; sHead v. The University, 19 Wall., 526; spaciflc 
R. R. Co., V. Maguire, 20 Wall., 36; sQarrison v. The City of New York, 
21 Wall., 1-96; ^ Ochiltree c. The Railroad Company, 21 AVall., 249; s Wilming- 
ton, &c., Railroad v. King, ex., 91 U. S., 3; ^County of Moultrie v. Rocking- 
ham Ten Cent Savings Bank, 92 U. S., 631; ^Home Insurance Company v. City 
Council of Augusta, 93 U. S., 116; ^West Wisconsin R. R. Co. v. Supervisors, 93 
U. S., 595; 3 New Jersey v. Yard, 95 U. S., 104; s Railroad Company v. Hecht, 95 
N U. S., 168; 3 Terry v. Anderson, 95 U. S., 628; sFarrington v. Tennessee, 95 U. S., 

^ 679; s Blount v. Windley, 95 U. S.', 173; Murray r'. Charleston, 96 U. S., 432; 

Edwards v. Kearzey, 96 U. S., 595; STennessee v. Snead, 96 U. S., 69; ^Wil- 
liam V. Bruffy, 96 U. S., 176; sRailroad Co. v. Richmond, 96 U. S., 521; sBeer 
Company v. Massachusetts, 97 U. S., 25; s Fertilizing Co. v. Hyde Park, 97 U. S., 
659; sRailroad Co. v. Gaines, 97 U. S., 697; ninited States v. Memphis, 97 U. S., 
284; Keith v. Clark, 97 U. S., 454; Railroad Co. v. Georgia, 98 U. S., 359; ^Univer- 
sity V. People, 99 U. S., 309; s Newton v. Commissioners, 100 U. S., 548; Railroad 
Co. V. Tennessee, 101 U. S., 337; Wright -w. Nagle, 101 U. S., 791; Stone v. Missis- 
sippi, 101 U. S., 814; Railroad Co. v. Alabama, 101 U. S., 832; ^LouLsiana v. New 
Orleans, 102 U. S., 203; Hall v. Wisconsin, 103 U. S., 5; Penniman's case, 103 U. 
S., 714; Wolf V. New Orleans, 13 U. S., 358; ^Koshkonong v. Burton, 104 U. S., 
668; 3 Railroad Co. v. Hammersley, 104 U. S., 1; ^County of Clay v. Society for 
Savings, 104 U. S., 579; Guaranty Co. v. Board of Liquidation, 105 U. S., 622 
Greenwood v. Freight Co., 105 U. S., 13; ^Asylum t'.- New Orleans, 105 U. S., 362 
3Louisiana v. Pillsbury, 105 TI. S., 278; SNew Orleans v. Morris. 105 U. S., 600 
2Kringv.Missouri,107U.S., 221; 3Closet.GlenwoodCemetery,107U.S.,466; ^Antoni 
■!'. Greenhow, 107U. S., 769; 3 Vance il Vance, 108 U. S., 514; 3 Memphis Gas Light 
Co., 109 U. S., 398; sCanada Southern Railway i'. Gebhard, 109 U. S., 527; Louisi- 
ana V. New Orleans, 109 U. S., 285; Gilflllan v. Union Canal Co., 109 U. S., 401; 
sSpring Valley Water Works v. Schottler, 110 U. S., 347; sButchers' Union Co. 
V. Crescent City Company, 111 U. S., 746; Nelson v. St. Martin's Parish, lllU. S., 
716; SMary's v. Parsons (Virginia Tax), 114 U. S., 325; i ^""i svirginia Coupon 
Cases; Poindexter i'. Greenhow, 114 U. S., 270; 3Amy et al. ■;;. Shelby County 
Taxing District et als., 114 U. S., 387; ^ """ii sullen. Auditor, et al. ■;;. Baltimore & 
Ohio R. r'. Co., 114 U. S., 311-; sEffinger t^. Kenney, Trustee, 115 U. S., 566; 3 New 



CONSTITUTION, 17 

Orleans Gas Co. v. Louisiana Light Co., 115 U. S., G50; ^ Louisville Gas Co. r. 
Citizens Gas Co., 115 U. S., 6.S3; New Orleans Water Works Co. v. Rivers, 115 
U. S., 674; spisk v. Jefferson Police Jury, 116 U. S., 131; ^ Mobile v. Watson, 116 
U. S., 289; 3 New Orleans v. Houston, 119 U. S., 265; '^St. Tammany Water 
Works V. New Orleans Water Works,'120 U. S., 64; ^Church v. Kelsey, 121 U. S., 
282; 3 Lehigh Water Co. v. Easton, 121 U. S., 388; •''Seibert v. Lewis, 122 U.S., 284; 
3New Orleans Water Works v. Louisiana Sugar Relining Co., 125 U.S., 18; ^May- 
nard v. Hill, 125 U. S., 190; 2 jaehne v. New York, 128 U. S., 189; 3 Denny v. Ben- 
nett, 128 U. S., 489; sWilliamsou v. New Jersey, 130 U.S., 189; ^'Freeland v. Wil- 
liams, 131 U. S., 405; » Campbell v. Wade, 132 U. S., 34; ^ Pennsylvania Railroad 
Co. i'. Miller, 132 U. S., 75; sPennie v. Reis, 132 U. S., 464; » Hans v. Louisiana, 134 
U. S., 1; 3 Crenshaw v. United States, 134 U. S., 99; 3 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
Paul Railway Co. v. Minnesota, 134 U. S., 418; 3 Minneapolis Eastern R. R. Co. 
I'. Minnesota, 134 U. S., 467; ''Hill -v. Merchants' Ins. Co., 134 U. S., 515; '^Med- 
ley, Petitioner, 134 U. S., 160; 3 Virginia Coupon Cases, 135 U. S., 662; 3'United 
States V. North Carolina, 136 U. S., 211; swheeler v. Jackson, 137 U. S., 245; 
-Holden V. Minnesota, 137 U. S., 483; sgioux City Street Railway Co. v. Sioux 
City, 138 U. S., 98; 3 wheeling and Belmont Bridge Co. v. Wheeling Bridge Co., 
138 U.S., 287; 3 Peimoyer t'. McConnaughy, 140 U. S., 1; 3Scotland County Court 
V. Hill, 140 U.S.,. 41; 3Essex Public Road Board v. Spinkle, 140'U. S., 334; 3Stein 
V. Bienville Water Supply Co., 141 U. S., 67; 3 New Orleans i;. New Orleans Water 
Works Co., 142 U. S., 79; 3New Orleans City & Lake Railroad Co. v. New Or- 
leans, 143 U. S., 192; 3Louisville Water Co. v. Clark, 143 U. S., 1; 3New York v. 
Squire, 145 U. S., 175; 3 Baker v. Kilgore, 145 U. S., 487; 3Morley v. Lake Shore 
& Michigan Southern R. R. Co., 146 U. S., 162; 3 Hamilton Gas Light & Coke 
Co. V. Hamilton City, 146 U. S., 258; 3 Wilmington & Weldon Railroad Co. v. 
Alsbrook, 146 U. S., 279; sHHnoisCentralRailroadi'. Illinois, 146 U. S., 387; 3Bier 
V. McGehee, 148 U. S., 137; sschurz v. Cook, 148 U. S., 397; 3New Y'ork & New 
England Railroad Co. v. Bristol, 151 U. S., 556; 3 Bryan v. Board of Education, 
etc., 151 U. S., 639; 3 Duncan v. Missouri, 152 U. S., 377; 3New Orleans ti. Benja- 
min, 153 U. S., 411; 3EagleInsuranceCo. I'. Ohio,153 U. S., 446; sNew York, Lake 
Erie & Western R. R, Co. v. Pennsylvania, 153 U. S., 628; 3 Mobile & Ohio R. R. 
Co. V. Tennessee, 153 U. S., 486; 3United States ex rel. Siegel v. Thoman, 156 
U. S., 3.53; 3St. Louis & San Francisco Railway Co. v. Gill, 156 U. S., 649; 3New 
Orleans City & Lake R. R. Co. v. Louisiana ex rel. New Orleans, 157 U.S., 219; 
3Bank of Commerces. Tennessee, 161 U. S., 134; ^Baltzer v. North Carolina, 
161 U. S., 240; 3Barsall v. Great Northern Railway Co., 161 U. S., 646; 3 Louisville 
& Nashville R. R. Co. v. Kentucky, 161 U. S., 677; 3 Woodruff v. Mississippi, 162 
U. S., 291; SQibson i-. Mississippi, 162 U. S., 565; sRarnitz v. Beverly, 163 U. S., 
118; 3Hanford v. Davies, 163 U. S., 273; 3 Covington & Lexington Turnpike Co.' 
V. Sandford, 164 U. S., 578; 3 St. Louis & San Francisco Railway Co. v. Mathews, 
165 U. S., 1; 3 Grand Lodge F. & A. Masons v. New Orleans, 166 U. S., 143; 3Balti- 
more v. Baltimore Trust and Guarantee Co., 166 U. S., 673; 3City Railway Co. v. 
Citizens' Street Railroad Co., 166 U. S., 557; 3 Wabash R. R. Co. v. Defiance, 167 
U. S., 88; 3Shapleigh v. San Angelo, 167 U. S., 646; 3St. Anthony Falls Water 
Power Co. v. St. Paul Water Commissioners, 168 U. S., 349; 3 Douglas v. Kentucky, 
168 U. S.,488; 2 Hawker v. New York, 170 U. S., 189; 3 Galveston, Harrisburg,.etc.i 
Railway Co. v. Texas, 170 U. S., 226; 3 Houston & Texas Central Railway Co. iv 
Texas, 170 U. S., 243; 3 Williams v. Eggleston, 170 U. S., 304; 3 Chicago, Burling- 
ton & Quincy R. R. i'. Nebraska, 170 U. S., 57; 3 Laclede Gas Light Co. v. Murphy, 
170 U. S., 78; 3Louisville Water Co. v. Kentucky, 170 U. S., 127; 2 Thompson v. 
Missouri, 171 U. S., 380; 3 Walla Walla City v. Walla Walla Water Co., 172 U. S., 



18 CO]SrSTITUTION. 

1; 3McCullough v. Virginia, 172 U. S., 102; s Connecticut Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. . 
Spratley, 172 U. S., 602,; s citizens' Savings Bank v. Owensboro, 173 IT. S., 636; 
* ' Lalie Shore & Micliigan Southern Railway Co. v. Smith, 173 U. S., 684; s Coving- 
ton V. Kentucky, 173 U. S., 231; 3 Henderson Bridge Co. v. Henderson City, 173 
tr. S., 592; 3 Walsh v. Columbus, Hocking Valley & Athens R. R. Co., 176 U. S., 
469; ^Adirondack Railway Co. v. New York State, 176 U. S., 335; ^New York Life 
Insurance Co. v. Cravens, 178 U. S., 389; s Looker v. Maynard, 179 11. S., 46; 
3 Stearns v. Minnesota, 179 U. S., 223; " McDonald v. Massachusetts, 180 U. S., 311; 
sillinois Central Railroad Co. v. Adams, 180 U. S., 28; ^St. Paul Gas Light Co. v. 
St. Paul, 181 U. S., 142; sRed River Valley Bank v. Craig, 181 U. S., 548; niallett v. 
North Carolina,181 U. S., 589; ^Bedford v. Eastern Building and Loan Association, 
181 U. S., 227; sKnoxville Iron Co. v. Harbison, 183 U. S., 13; sQrr v. Gilman, 183 
U. S., 278; 3 Wilson v. Iseminger, 185 U. S., 55; syicksburg Waterworks Co. v. 
Vicksburg, 185 U. S., 65; s Hanover National Bank v. Moyses, 186 U. S., 181; 
3]Sforthern Central Railway Co. v. Maryland, 187 U. S., 258; sQshkosh Water- 
works Co. V. Oshkosh, 187 U. S., 437; 2 sDiamond Glue Co. ■;;. U. S. Glue Cfo., 187 
U. S., 611; sweber v. Rogan, 188 U. S., 10; sBlackstone v. Miller, 188 U. S., 189; 
sReetz 'W.Michigan, 188 U.S., 505; s Waggoner i'. Flack, 188 U.S., 595; s Owensboro 
V. Owensboro Water-Works Co., 191 U. S., 358; s Wisconsin & Michigan Ry. Co. v. 
Powers,191U. S.,379; s Deposit Bank ?;. Frankfort, 191U. S.,499; s citizens' Bank 
V. Parker, 192 U. S., 73;. s Stanislaus County v. San Joaquin C. &. I. Co., 192 U. S., 
201; SGrandRapidsandlndianaRailwayCompany t;.^sborn, 193U. S., 17; SThe 
Underground R. R. v. City of New York, 193 U. S., 416?^ National Mutual Build- 
ing and Loan Association v. Brahan, 193 U. S.', 635; 3 Wright v. Minnesota Mutual 
Life Insurance Co., 193 U. S., 657: 3 Pacific Electric Ry. Co. v. Los Angeles, 194 
U. S., 112; 3 People's Gas Light & Coke Co. v. Chicago, 194 U. S., 1; 3Hooker v. 
Burr, 194 U. S., 415; scieveland v. Cleveland City Ry. Co., 194 U. S., 517; sRrad- 
ley V. Lightcap, 195 U. S., 1; 3 Helena Water Works Co.'-v. Helena, 195 U. S., 383; 
3 Worcester v. Street RaihVay Co., 196 U. S., 539; sRooney v. North Dakota, 196 
U. S., 319; 3 Dawson v. Columbia Trust Co., 197 U. S., 178; 3 Kehrer v. Stewart, 197 
U. S., 60; SMuhlker v. New York & Harlem R. R. Co., 197 U. S., 544; 3Savannah, 
Thunderbolt &c. Ry. v. Savannah, 198 U.S., 392; 3 Knights of Pythias v. Meyer, 
198 U. S., 508; 3 Tampa Water Works v. Tampa, 199 U. 8., 241; SManigault v. 
Springs, 199 U. S., 473; 3 Metropolitan Street Ry. Co. v. New York, 199 U. S., 1; 
3 Kies V. Lowrey, 199 U. S., 233; sGraham v. Folsom, 200 U. S., 248; ssan Antonio 
Traction Co. v. Altgelt, 200 U. S., 304; 3 Water Company v. Knoxville, 200 U. S., 
22; 3Gunter v. Atlantic Coast Line, 200 U. S., 273. 

^ No State .shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay 
any Impost or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what 
may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection 
Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid 
by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of 
the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws .shall 
be subject to the He vision and Controul of the Congress. 

McCulloch V. State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wh., 1; 

Brown v. The State of Maryland, 12 Wh., 419; Mageri;. Grima et al., 8 How., 

490; Cooley v. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia et ah, 12 How., 299; 

- Almy V. State of California, 24 How., 169; License Tax Cases, 5 Wall., 462; Cran- 



CONSTITUTION. 19 

dall 1'. State of Nevada, 6 Wall., 3.r, Waring v. The Mayor, 8 Wall., 110; Wood- 
ruff i\ Perhara, 8 Wall., I2;i; Ilin.son v. Lott, 8 Wall., 118; State Tonnage Tax 
Cases, 12 Wall., 204; State Tax on railway gross receipts, 15 Wall., 284; Tnman 
Steamship Company v. Tinker, 94 U. S., 238; Cook v. Pennsylvania, 97 U. S., 
566; Packet Co. v. Keokuk, 95 U. S.,'80; People v. Campagnie General Trans- 
atlantiq\io, 107 U. S., 59; Turner i'. Maryland, 107 U. S., 38; Brown et al. v. 
Houston, Collector, et al., 114 U. S., 022; Coe i'. Errol, 116 U. S., 517; Turpin v. 
Burgess, 117 U. S., 504; Pittsburg & Southern Coal Co. v. Bates, 156 U. S., 577; 
Pittsburg & Southern Coal Co. r. Louisiana, 156 U.S., 590; Scott v. Donald, 165 
U. S., 58; Patapsco Guano Co. v. North Carolina, 171 U. S., 345; May & Co. v. 
New Orleans, 178 U. S., 49G; Dooley v. United States, 183 U. S., 151; Cornell v. 
Coyne, 192 U. S., 418; American Steel & Wire Co. v. Speed, 192 U. S., 500; Dela- 
ware, L., etc., R. R. Co. V. Pennsylvania, 198 U. S., 341. 

'No State st^all, without the Consent of Cong-ress, lay any 
Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of 
Peace, enter into an Agreement or Compact with another State, 
or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually in- 
vaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay. 

Green v. Biddle, 8 Wh., 1; Poole et al. (•. The Lessee of Fleeger et al., 11 Pet., 
185; Coolcy v. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia et al., 12 How., 299; 
Peete v. Morgan, 19 Wall., 581; Cannon r. New Orleans, 20 Wall., 577; Inman 
Steamship Company v. Tinker, 94 U. S., 238; Transportation Co. v. Wheeling, 
99 U. S., 273; Packett Co. v. St. Louis, 100 U. S., 423; Packet Co. v. Keokuk, 9.5 
U. S., 80; yicksburg v. Tobin, 100 U. S., 430; Packet Co. v. Catlettsburg, 105 U.S., 
559; Wiggins Ferry Co. v. East St. Louis, 107 U. S., 365; Transportation Company??! 
Parkersburg, 107 U. S., 691; Presser r. Illinois, 116 U. S., 252; Morgan v, Louisi- 
ana, 118 U. S., 455; Huse v. Glover, 119 U. S., 543; Ouachita Packet Co. v. Aiken, 
121 U. S., 444; Indiana v. Kentucky, 136 U. S., 479; Virginia v. Tennessee, 148 
U. S., 503; Wharton v. Wise, 153 U. S., 1-55; St. Louis A San Francisco Railway 
Co. V. James, 161 U. S., 645. 



ARTICLE. II. 

Section. 1. ^ The executive Power shall be vested in a Presi- 
dent of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office 
during the Term of four years, and, together with the Vice 
President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: 

Fields. Clark, 143 U. S., 649. 

^ Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature 
thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole 
Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State 
may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Repre- 



20 ^CONSTITUTIOIS". 

sentative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under 
the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

Chisholm, ex., v. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; Leitensdorfer et al. v. Webb, 20 How., 
176; Ex parte Siebold, 100 L^. S., 271; In re Green, 134 U. S., 377; McPherson v. 
Blacker, 146 U. S., 1. 

["The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two Persons, 
of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And 
they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; 
which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government 
of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate 
shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, 
and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes 
shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors 
appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal 
Nuriiber of Votes, then the ]Iouse of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot 
one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest 
on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chasing the 
President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having 
one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two- 
thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In 
every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of 
Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or 
more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by ballot the Vice- 
President."] 

This c'ause has been superseded by the twelfth amendment, p. 39. 

^The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the 
Electors, and the Da.y on which they shall give their Votes; 
which Da}^ shall be the same throughout the United States. 

In re Green, 134 U. S., 377. 

* No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of 
the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Consti- 
tution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither 
shall an}' Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have 
attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen 
Years a Resident within the United States. 

English V. The Trustees of the Sailors' Snug Harbor, 3 Pet., 99. 

^ In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or 
of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers 
and Duties of the said Office, the same shall devolve on the 
Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for 
the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both 



CONSTITUTION. 21 

of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer 
shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accord- 
ingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall 
be elected. 

"The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Serv- 
ices, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor 
diminished during the Period for which he shall have been 
elected, and ho shall not receive within that Period any other 
Emolument from the United States, or any of them. 

' Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall 
take the following Oath or Affirmation: — "I do solemnly 
swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of 
President of the United States, and will to the best of my 
Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the 
United States." 

InreNeagle, 135U. S.,1. 

• Section. 2. ^ The President shall be Commander in Chief 
of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia 
of the several States, when called into the actual Service of 
the United States; he may require ihe Opinion, in writing, 
of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, 
upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective 
Offices, and he shall have power to grant Reprieves and Par- 
dons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of 
Impeachment. 

United States v. Wilson, 7 Pet., 150; Ex parte William Wells, 18 How., 307; Ex 
parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; Armstrong's Foundry, 6 Wall., 766; The Grape 
Shot, 9 Wall., 129; United States v. Padelford, 9 Wall., 542; United States v. 
Klein, 13 Wall., 128; Armstrong I'.The United States, 13 Wall., 152; Pargoud v. 
The United States, i:^ Wall., 156; Hamilton v. Dillin, 21 W'all., 73; Mechanics and 
Traders' Bank c. Union Bank, 22 W'all., 276; Lamar, ex., t'. Browne et al., 92 
U. S., 187, Wallach et al.; v. Van Riswick, 92 U. S., 202; Eustis v Bolles, 150 U. S., 
361. 

^ He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent 
of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the 
Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and 
with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint 



22 CONSTITUTION. 

Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of 
the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, 
whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, 
and which shall: be established b}^ Law: l)ut the Congress may 
by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as 
they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of 
Law, or in the Heads of Departments. 

Ware c. Hylton ct al., 3 Ball., 199; Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cr.,137: Uiiilfd 
States ('. Kirkpatrick. 9 VVh., 72U; AmeriL-an Insurance Company v. Canter (35«) 
balescotton), lPet.,511; Foster and Elam r.Keilson,2 Pet., 2.t3; Cherokee Nation 
I'. State of Georgia, 5 Pet., 1; Patterson c. Gwinn ct al., 5 Pet., 233; Worcester v. 
State of Georgia, 6 Pet., 515; City of New Orleans i'. De Armas etal., 9 Pet., 224; 
Holden r. Joy, 17 Wall, 211; United .<!tates r. Germaine. 99 U. S.. 508; United 
states V. Corson, 114 U. S., 619; United States r. Perkins, 116 U. S., 483; United 
States V. Rauschi r, 119 U. S., 407; Mormon Church r. United States, 136 U. S., 1; 
Field ?'. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; Shoemaker i: United States, 147 U. S., 282; Parsons r. 
United States, 167 U. S., 324; Rice v. Ames, 180 U. S.. 371; Fourteen Diamond 
RioKS V. United States, 183 U. S., 176; Dorr v. United States, 195 U. S., 138. 

^The President .shall have Power to till up all Vacancies 
that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by grant 
ing Commission^ which shall expire at the End of their next 
Session. 

The United States i'. Kirkpatrick et all.. 9 Wh., 720. 

Section. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Con- 
oress Information of the State of the Union, and recinnmend 
to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge neces- 
sary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, 
convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disa- 
greement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjourn- 
ment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think 
proper; he shall receive Ambas.sadors and other public Min- 
isters; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, 
and shall Commission all the Officers of the United Stiites. 

Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cr., 137; Kendall, Postmaster-General, v. The United 
States, 12 Pet., 524; Luther v. Borden, 7 How., 1; The State.of Mississippi r. John- 
son, President, 4 Wall., 475; Stewart v. Kahn, 11 Wall., 493; In re Neagle, 135, 

U. S., 1. 

Section. 4. The President, Nice President, and all civil 
Officers of the United States, .shall be removed from Office on 



COTlTSTITUTION. 23 

Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Trea,jon, Bribery, oi 
other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. 

Langfordy United States, 101 U. S.,^41. 

ARTICLE III. 

Section. 1. The judicial Power of the United States sliall 
be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts 
as the CongTess may from time to time ordain and establish. 
The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall 
hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated 
Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall 
not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. 

I Chisholm, ex., v. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; Stuart v. Laird, 1 Or., 299; United States 

V. Peters, 5 Or., 115; Cohens v. Virginia, 6 Or., 264; Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 
Wh., 304; Osborn v. United States Bank, 9 Wh., 738; Benner et aL v. Porter, 9 
How., 235; The United States v. Ritchie, 17 How., 525; Murray's Lessee et aL v. 
Hoboken Land and Improvement Company, 18 How., 272; Ex parte Vallandig- 
ham, 1 Wall., 243; Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U. S., 714; United States v. Union Paciflc 
Railroad Co., 98 U. S., 569; Mitchell v. Clark, 110 U. S., 633; Ames v. Kansas, 111 
U. S., 449; In re Loney, 134 U. S., 373; In re Green, 134 U. S., 377; McAllister v. 
United States, 141 U. S., 174; Robertson v. Baldwin, 165 U. S., 275; Hanover Na- 
tional Bank v. Moyses, 186 U. S., 181; Turner v. Williams, 194 U.S., 279. 

Section. 2. ^ The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, 
in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws 
of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be 
made, under their Authority^; — to all cases affecting Ambas- 
sadors, other public Ministers and Consuls^;— to all Cases of 
admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction^; — to Controversies to 
which the United States shall be a Party*; — to Controversies 
between two or more States^; — between a State and Citizens 
of another State®; — between Citizens of different States^; — 
between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under 
Grants of different States *, and between a State, or the Citi- 
zens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens ol" Subjects \ 

Hayburn's case (note), 2 Dall., 410; Chisholm, ex., v. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; 
Glass 6t al. v. Sloop Betsey, 3 Dall., 6; United States v. La Vengeance, 3 Dall., 
297; Hollingsworth et al. v. Virginia, 3 Dall., 378; Mossman, ex., v. Higginson, 4 
Dall., 12; Marburyi'.Madison,lCr.,137; Hepburn etal. v. Ellezley, 2 Cr., 444; United 
States V. Moore, 3 Cr., 159; Strawbridge et al. v. Curtiss et al., 3 Cr., 267; Ex parte 



24 CONSTITUTION. 

Bollman and Swartwout, 4 Cr., 75; Rose v. Hlmely, 4 Cr., 241; Chappedelnine et 
al.r. Dechena»x,4 Cr., 305; Hope Insurance Company i-. Bourrtman et al.,5Cr., 
57; Bank of United States r. Deveaux et al., 5 Cr., 61: Hodg.son et al. r. Bower- 
bank et als., 5 Cr., B03; Owings c. Norwood's Lessee, 5 Cr., 341; Durousseau v. 
The United States, 6 Cr., 307; United States v. Hudson and Goodwin, 7 Cr., 32; 
Martin v. Hunter, 1 Wh., 304; Colson et al. r. Lewis, 2 Wh., 377; United SUites v. 
Bevans, 3 Wh., 336; Cohens r. Virginia, 6 Wh., 264; Ex parte Kearney, 7 Wh., 3S; 
Matthews v. Zane, 7 Wh., Ifrl; Osbom v. United States Bunk, 9 Wh., 738; I'nited 
States V. Ortega, 11 Wh., 467; American Insurance Comi^any t'. Canter (&6 bale.s 
cotton), 1 Pet., 511; Jackson v. Twentyman, 2 Pet., 136; Cherokee Nation r. 
State of Georgia, 5 Pet., 1; State? of New Jersey v. State of New York, 5 Pet., 283; 
Davis V. Packard et al., 6 Pet., 41; United States v. Arredondo ct al., 6 Pet., 691; 
Davis V. Packard ct al., 7 Pet., 276; Breedlove ct al. i'. Nicolet et al., 7 Pet., 413; 
Brown v. Keene, 8 Pet., 112; Davis v. Packard et al., 8 Pet., 312; City of New 
Orleans v. De Armas et al., 9 Pet., 224; The State of Rhode Island v. The Com- 
monwealth of Ma.s.sachusetts, 12 Pet., 6.57; The Bank of Augusta v. Earle, 13 Pet., 
519; The Commercial and Railroad Bank of Vicksburg v. Slocomb et al., 14 Pet., 
60; Suydam et al. r. Broadnax, 14 Pet., 67; Prigg v. The Commonwealth of 
Pennsylvania, 16 Pet., 539; Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railway Com- 
pany f. Letson,2IIow.,497; Car>-etals. r. Curtis, 3 How., 236; Warring r. Clark, 5 
How., 411; Luther v. Borden, 7 How., 1; Sheldon etal. v. Sill, 8 How., 441; The 
Propeller Gene.ssee Chief v. Fitzhugh et al., 12 How., 443; Fretz et nl. i-. Hall et 
al., 12 How., 466; Neves et al. r. Scott ot al.,13 How., 2(>.S; State of Penn.sylvania 
V. The Wheeling, &c., Bridge Compai.y et al., 13 How.. 518; Marshall v. The 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co., 16 How., 314; The United States v. Guthrie, 17 
How., 284; Smith v. State of Maryland, 18 How., 71; Jones et al. v. League, 18 
How., 76; Murray's Lessee et al. v. Hoboken Land and Imi)nivcmcnt Company, 
18 How., 272, Hyde et al.r. Stone, 20 How., 170; Irvine c. Marshall et al., 20 
How., 658; Fenn v. Holmes, 21 How., 481; Moorewood et til. r. Erequist, 23 
How., 491; Commonwealth of Kentucky v. Dennijion, Governor, 21 How., 66; 
Ohio and Mississippi Railroad Company r. Wheeler, 1 Black, 286; The Steamer 
Saint Lawren(!e, 1 Bhick, .522; The Propeller rommerce. 1 Black. 574; Ex parte 
Valiandigham, 1 Wall., 243; Ex parte Milligan. I Wall., 1; The Moses Taylor. 4 
Wall., 411; suite of Mississippi v. Johnson, President, 4 W^all., 476; The Hine v. 
Trevor, 4 Wall., 555; City of Philadelphia r. The Collector. 5 Wall., 720; State 
of Georgia v. Stanton, 6 Wall., 50; Payne r. Hook, 7 Wall., 425; The Alicia, 7 
Wall.. 671; Ex parte Yergcr, 8 Wall., 85; Insunince Company v. Dunham. 11 
Wall., 1; Virginia c. West Virginia, 11 Wall., 39; Coal'Company v. Blatchford, 
11 Wall., 172; Railway Company v. Whitton's adm., 13 Wall., 270; Tarble's Case. 
13 Wall., 397; Blyew et al. r. The United States, 13 Wall.. 581; Davis v. Gray, 16 
Wall., 203; Case of the Sewing Machine Companies. 18 Wall.. 553; Insurance 
Company r. Morse. 20 Wall.. 41.5; Vanncvar r. Bryant, 21 Wall., 11; The Lotta- 
wanna, 21 Wall., 558; Gaines i'. Fuentes et al., 92 U. S.; 10; Claflin v. Hou.«c- 
man, assignee, 93 U. S., 130; Muller v. Dows, 94 U. S., 444; Doyle t'. Conti- 
nental Insurance Company, 94 U. S., 535; United St^ites t'. Union Pacitic 
Railroad Co., 98 U. S., 569; Tennessee v. Davis, 100 U. S., 257; Ex parte Boyd, 
105 U. S.,t'.47; Bush r. Kentucky, 107 U. S., 110; Transportation Company r. 
Parkersbuirg, 107 U. S., 691; Goss v. United States Mortgage Co., 108 U. S., 477; 
Chicago and Alton R. R. Co. v. Wiggins Ferry Co., 108 U. S., 18; Louisiana t'. New 
Orleans, 108 U. S., 568; Ellis v. Davis, 109 U. S., 485; Carroll County i>. Smith, 111 
U. S., 556; Southern Pacific Railroad Co. v. California, 118 U. S., 109; Barron v. 
Burnside, 121 U. S., 186; Lincoln County v. Luning, 133 U. S., 529; Hans v. Lou- 



coisrsTiTUTioisr. 25 

isiana, 134 IT. S., 1; North Carolina v. Temple, 134 U. S., 22; In re Neagle, 135 U. S., 
1; Nashua and Lowell R. R. v. Boston and Lowell R. R., 136 U. S., 356; Jones 
V. United States, 137 U. S., 202; Cook County v. Calumet and Chicago Canal Co., 
138 U. S., 635; Manchester v. Massachusetts, 139 U. S., 240; In re Garnett, 141 U. S., 
1; United States v. Texas, 143 U. S., fel; Southern Pacific Company v. Denton! 
146U.S.,202; Coolie v. Averj^ 147 U. S., 375; Cates v. Allen, 149 U.S., 451; McNulty 
V. California, 149 U. S., 645; In re Tyler, 149 U. S., 164; Newport Light Co. v. New- 
port, 151 U. S., 527; New York and New England Railroad Co. v. Bristol, 151 U. S., 
656; Israel v. Arthur, 152 U. S., 355; Michigan v. Flint and Pere Marquette R. r! 
Co., 152 U. S., 363; New Orleans v. Benjamin, 153 U. S., 411; Mobile and Ohio 
Railroad Co. v. Tennessee, 153 U. S., 486; Reagan v. Farmers' Loan and Trust 
Co., 154 U. S., 362; Inter-State Commerce Commission v. Brimson, 154 U. S., 447; 
Plumley v. Massachusetts, 155 U. S., 461; Andrews v. Schwarz, 156 U. S., 272; St.' 
Louis and San Francisco Railway Co. v. Gill, 156 U. S., 649; Stevens' adminis- 
trator V. Nichols, 157 U. S., 370; In re Debs, petitioner, 158 U. S., 564; Central Land 
Co. V. Laidley, 159 U. S., 103; Folsom v. Ninety-Six, 159 U. S., 611; Laingi;. Rigney, 
160 U. S., 531; St. Louis and San Francisco Railway Co. v. James, 161 U. S., 54V; 
Woodruff?;. Mississippi, 162 U. S., 291; Fallbrook Irrigation District ii. Bradley,' 
164 U. S., 112; Scott y. Donald, 165 U. S., 107; Robertson v. Baldwin, 165 U. S., 275; 
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy R. R. Co. v. Chicago, 166 U. S., 226; Forsyth v. 
Hammond, 166 U. S. , 506; Oxley Stave Company v. Butler County, 166 U. S., 648; In 
re Lennon, 166 U. S., 548; City Railway Co. v. Citizens' Street R. R. Co., 166 U. S.,557; 
Douglas I'. Kentucky, 168 U.S., 488; Miller v. Cornwall R. R. Co., 168 U. S., 131; Baker 
V. Grice, 169 U. S., 284; Smyth v. Ames, 169 U. S., 466; Backus v. Fort street' Union 
Depot Co., 169 U. S., 557; Tinsley v. Anderson, 171 U. S., 101; Walla Walla City i). 
Walla Walla Water Co., 172 U. S., 1; Green Bay and Mississippi Canal Co. v. 
Patten Paper Co., 172 U. S., 58; Meyer v. Richmond, 172 U. S., 82; McCullough v. 
Virginia, 172 U. S., 102; Fitts v. McGhee, 172 U. S., 516; Dewey v. Des Moines, 173 
U. S., 193; Nicol v. Ames, 173 U. S., 509; Covington v. Kentucky, 173 U.S., '23I; 
La Abra Silver Mining Co., v. United States, 175 U. S., 423; Louisiana v. Texas,' 
176 U. S., 1; Whitman v. Oxford National Bank, 176 U. S., 559; Hancock National 
Bank v. Farnum, 176 U. S., 640; Carter v. Texas, 177 U. S., 442; Smith v. Reeves, 
178 U. S., 436; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Ann Arbor Railroad Co., 178 
U.S., 239; Wiley v. Sinkler, 179 U. S., 58; SMissouri v. Illinois, 180 U. S.,'208 
Eastern Building Association v. Welling, 181 U. S., 47; Dooley v. United States 
182 U. S., 222; Tullock v. Mulvane, 184 U. S., 497; Patton v. Brady, 184 U. S., 608 

6 Kansas V. Colorado, 185 U. S., 125; 1 Swafford v. Templeton, 185 U. S., 487; 1 Mobile, 
Transportation Co. v. Mobile, 187 U. S., 479; 1 Andrews v. Andrews, 188 U. S., 14 
1 Hooker v. Los Angeles, 188 U. S., 314; iCummings v. Chicago, 188 U. S., '410 
1 Schaefer v. Werling, 188 U. S., 516; s The Roanoke, 189 U. S., 185; 1 Detroit, &c., 
Ry. V. Osborn, 189 U. S., 383; s Patterson v. Bark Eudora, 190 U. S., 169; 1 Howard 
V. Fleming, 191 U. S., 126; 1, 7 Arbuckle v. Blackburn 191 U. S., 405; 1 Deposit Bank 
V. Frankfort, 191 U. S., 499; 1, ' Spencer v. Duplan Silk Co., 191 U. S., 526; 1 Wabash 
R. R. Co. V. Pearce, 192 U. S., 179; 1 Rogers^;'. Alabama, 192 U.S., 226; s South Da- 
kota V. North Carolina, 192 U. S., 286; 1 Bankers' Casualty Co. v. Minn. St. P., &c., 
Ry., 192 U. S., 371; 1 Spreckels Sugar Refining Co. v. McClain, 192 U. S., 397; ? Min- 
nesota V. Northern Securities Co., 194 U. S., 48; 1 Pacific Electric Ry. Co. v. Los 
Angeles, 194 U. S., 112; 1 Hooker v. Burr, 194 U. S., 415; 1 Cleveland v. Cleveland 
City Ry. Co., 194 U. S., 517; ? Traction Company v. Mining Co., 196 U. S., 239; 

7 Dawson i>. Columbia Trust Co., 197 U. S., 178; Uacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 
U. S., 11; 1 Leonard v. Vicksburg, &c., R. R. Co., 198 U. S., 416; ^ Farrell v. O'Brien, 
199 U. S., 89; 1 South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S., 437; iCarfer v. Cald- 
well, 200 U. S., 293. 



26 CONSTITUTION. 

^In all Cases affectino- Am])assadors, other public ^Ministers 
and Consuls, and those in which a State shall bo a Party, the 
supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the 
other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have 
appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such 
Exceptions, and under such Kegulations as the Congress shall 
make. 

Ghisholm, ex., t'. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; Wiscart et al. v. Dauchy, 3 Dull., 221; 
Marbury v. Madison, 1 Or., 137; Duroiisi^euu et ul. i'. United States, C Cr., 307; 
Martin r. Hunter's lessee, 1 Wh., 301; Cohens r. Virginia, f> Wh., -i:}!; E.\ parte 
Kearney, 7 Wh., 38; Wayman v. Southard, 10 Wh.. 1; Bank oi the United States v. 
Halstead, 10 Wh., .^1; United States r. Ortega. 11 Wli., 467; TheCherokee Nation r. 
The State of Georgia, 5 Pet., 1; Ex parte Crane et als., 5 Pet., 189; The Slate of 
New .lersey v. The State of New York, 5 Pet., '28:?; Ex parte Silibald v. United 
States, 12 Pet., 488; The State of Rhode Island v. The State of Mu-ssaehusetts, 12 
Pet., 657; State of Pennsylvania i: The Wheeling, &c.. Bridge Company, 13 
How., 518; In re Kaine, 14 How., 103; Ableman v. Booth and United States v. 
Booth, 21 How.,50ti; Freeborn r. Smith. 2 Wall., 100; Ex parte McCardle,6 Wall., 
318; Ex parte McCardle, 7 Wall., 506; Ex parte Verger, 8 Wall., 8.^; The Luey, 8 
Wall., 307: The Justices r. Murray, 9 Wall.. 274; Pennsylvania r. Quieksilver 
Company, 10 Wall., 553; Murdoek c. City of Memphis, 20 Wall., .590; The " Fran- 
cis Wright," 105 U. S., 381; Biirs v. Preston, 111 U. S., 252; Ames r. Kansas, 111 
U. S., 449; Craig v. Leitensdorfer, 127 U. S., 764; Wisconsin v. Pelican Ins. Co., 
127 U. S., 265; United States f. Texas. 143 U. S., 621; I^iuisiana v. Texas. 176 U. S.. 
1; Wilkes County r. Coler, 180 U. S., 506; W. W. Cargill Co. v. Minnesota, 180 
U. S., 452; Mallett v. North Carolina, 181 U. S., 589. 

•''The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, 
.shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State 
where the said Crimes .shall have been committed; but when 
not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such 
Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. 

Ex parteMilligan,4 Wall.. 2; Barton i. BartK>ur,104 U.S., 126; Ex parte Wall.. 
107 U. S., 265; Callan i-. W'ilson, 127 U. S.. 540; Nashville, Chattanooga, etc.. Rail- 
way r. Alabama, 128 U. S., 96; Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U^S., 81; 
Jones V. United States, 137 U. S., 202; Cook v. United States. 138 U. S., 157; In re 
Ross. 140 U. S., 4i3; Fong Yul Ting v. United States, 149 U. S., 698; In re Debs, 
petitioner. 158 U. S., 564; Thompson v. Utah, 170 U. S., 343; Schick v. United 
States, 195 U. S., 65; Dorr v. United States, 195 U. S., 138; Matter of Strauss, 197 
U. S., 324; Marvin v. Trout, 199 U. S., 212; Martin v. Texas, 200 U.S., 316. 

Section 3. ^Treason ag-ainst the United States, shall con- 
sist only in levying War ag-ainst them, or in adhering to their 
Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be 



COTSTRTITUTEOlSr. 27 

convicted of Tjreason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses 
to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. 

United States v. The Insurgents, 2 Dall., 335; United States v. Mitchell, 2 Dall., 
348; Ex parte Bollman and Swartwout, 4 Or., 75; United States v. Aaron Burr, 
4 Or., 469. 

^The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punish- 
ment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work 
Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of 
the person Attainted. 

Bigelow v. Forest, 9 Wall., 339; Day v. Micou, 18 Wall., 156; Ex parte Lange, 
18 Wall., 163; Wallach et al. v. VanRiswick, 92 U. S., 202. 

ARTICLE. IV. 

SEfcTiON. 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each 
State to the Public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of 
every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws 
prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Pro- 
ceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. 

Mills V. Duryee, 7 Cr.,481; Hampton v. McConnel, 3 Wh., 234; Mayhew v. 
Thatcher, 6 Wh., 129; Darby's Lessee v. Mayer, 10 Wh., 465; The United States v. 
Amedy, 11 Wh., 392; Caldwell et al. v. Carrington's heirs, 9 Pet., 86; M'Elmoyle 
V. Cohen, 13 Pet., 312; The Bank of Augusta v. Earle, 13 Pet., 519; Bank of the 
State of Alabama v. Dalton, 9 How., 522; D'Arcy v. Ketchum, 11 How., 165; 
Christmas v. Russell, 5 Wall., 290; Green v. Van Buskirk, 7 Wall., 139! Paul v. 
Virginia, 8 Wall., 168; Board of Public Works v. Columbia College, 17 Wall, 521; 
Thompson v. Whitman, IS Wall, 457; Pennoyer v. Nebb, 95 U. S., 714; Bona- 
parte V. Tax Court, 104 U. S., 592; Robertson v. Pickrell, 109 U. S., 608; Brown 
et al. V. Houston, Collector, et al., 114 U. S., 622; Hanley v. Donoghue, 116 U. S., 
1; Renaud v. Abbott, 116 U. S., 277; Chicago & Alton R. R. v. Wiggins Ferry 
Co., 119 U. S., 615; Borer v. Chapman, 119 U. S., 587; Cole v. Cunningham, 133 
U. S., 107; Blount v. Walker, 134 U. S., 607; Simmons v. Saul, 138 U. S., 439; Rey- 
nolds V. Stockton, 140 U. S., 254; Carpenter v. Strange, 141 U. S., 87; Huntington 
V. Attrin, 146 U. S., 657; Glenn v. Garth, 147 U. S., 360; Laing v. Rigney, 160 U. S., 
531; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Co. v. Sturm, 174 U. S., 710; 
Thormann v. Frame, 176 U. S., 350; Hancock National Bank v. Farnum, 176 
U. S., 640; Clarke v. Clarke et al., 178 U. S., 186; Wilkes County v. Coler, 180 
U. S., 506; W. W. Cargill Co. v. Minnesota, 180 U. S., 452; Johnson v. New York 
Life Ins. Co., 187 U. S., 491; Andrews v. Andrews, 188 U. S., 14; Blackstone v. 
Miller, 188 U. S., 189; Finney v. Guy, 189 U. S., 335; Anglo-American Provision 
Co. V. Davis Provision 'Co., 191 U. S., 373; Wabash R. R. Co. v. Flannigan, 192 
U. S., 29; German Savings Society v. Dormitzer, 192 U. S., 125; Wedding v. 
Meyler, 192 U. S., 573; National Mutual Building and Loan Ass. v. Brahan, 

19628—08 3 



28 CONSTITUTION. 

193 U.,S., 635; Minnesota v. Northern Securities Co., 194 U. S., 48; National 
Exchange Bank v. Wiley, 185 U. S., 257; Jiister v. Currie, 198 U. S., 144; Har- 
ding V. Harding, 198 U. S., 317; Harris v. Balk, 198 U. S., 215; Louisville & 
Nashville R. R. v. Deer, 200 U. S., 176. 

Section. 2. 'The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to 
all Privileoes and Imuiunities of Citizens in the .several States. 

Bank of United States r. Devereux, 5 Cr..61; Gassius v. Ballou. 6 Pet., 761; 
The State of Rhode Island c. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 12 Pet., 
657; The Bank of Augusta r. Earlc 13 Pet., 519; Moore r. The People of The 
State of Illinois, 14 How., 13;, Conner et al. v. Elliott et al., 18 How., 591: Drod 
Scott V. Sanford, 19 How., 393; Crandall r. State of Nevada, 6 Wall., 35; Wood- 
ruff r. Parham, 8 Wall., 123; Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall.. 168; Downham v. Alex- 
andria Council, 10 Wall., 173; Liverpool insurance Company v. Massachusetts, 
10 Wall., 5C6; Ward v. Maryland. 12 Wall., 418; Slaughterhouse Cases, 16 Wall., 
36; Bradwell v. The State. 16 Wall , 130; Chemung Bank c. Lowery, 93 U. S., 72: 
McCready I'. Virginia. 94 U. S., 391; Philadelphia Fire A.-f-^ociation v. New York, 
119 U. S., 110; Pembina Mining Co. v. Pennsylvania, 125 U. S., 181; Kimmisb t>. 
Ball, 129 U. S., 217; Cole v. Cunningham, 133 U. S.. 107; Manchester f. Massa- 
chusetts, 139 U. S., 240; Pittsburg & Southern Coul Co. v. Bates, 156 U. S., 
577; Vance i'. W. A. Vandercook, No. 1. 170 U. S., 438; Blake i-. McClung. 172 
U. S., 239; Williams v. Fears, 179 U. S., 270; Travellers Insurance Co. v. Connect- 
icut, 185 U. S., 364; Chadwick v. Kelley, 187 U. S., 540; Diamond Glue Co. v. 
U. S. Glue Co.. 187 U. S., 611; Blackstone v. Miller, 188 U. S., 189; Anglo Ameri- 
can Provision Co. v. Davis Provision Co., 191 U. S., 373. 

^Aper.son charood in any State willi Trea.son, Felony, or 
other Crime, who shall llee from Justice, and be found in 
another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of 
the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed 
to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. 

Holmes v. Jenni.son et al., 14 Pet., 540; Commonwealth of Kentucky v. Den- 
nison, governor, 24 How.. 66; Taylor v. Tainter, 16 Wall., 366: Carroll County v. 
Smith, 111 U. S.. 556; ex parte Reggel. 114 U. S., 642; Mahon r. .)u.stice, 127 U. S., 
700; Lascelles v. Georgia, 148 U. S., 537; Utter v. Frauklin, 172 U. S., 416; Munsey 
y. Clough, 196U. S..364. 

'No Person held to Sendee or Laljour in one State, under 
the Laws thereof, escaping- into another, shall in Con.'^equence 
of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such 
Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the 
Party to whom such Service or Labour ma}' be due. 

Prigg V. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 16 Pet., 539; Jones i-. Van 
Zandt, 5 How., 215; Strader et al. v. Graham. 10 How.. 82; Moore i-. The People 
of the State of Illinois, 14 How., 13; Dred Scott i'. Sanford, 19 How., 393; Able- 
man V. Booth and United States v. Booth, 21 How., 506. 



CONSTITUTION. ^ 29 

Section. 3. ^ New States may be admitted by the Congress 
into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected 
within the Jurisdiction of any ather State; nor any State 
be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of 
States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States 
concerned as well as of the Congress. 

American Insurance Company et al. v. Canter (356 bales cotton) , 1 Pet., 511; 
Pollard's Lessee ;'. Hagan, 3 How., 212; Cross et al. v. Harrison, 16 How.,' 164; 
Benson v. United States, 146 U. S., 325; Ward v. Race Horse, 163 U. S., 504; Bolln 
■y. Nebraska, 176 U. S., 83. 

^The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all 
needful Eules and Regulations respecting the Territory or 
other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing 
in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any 
Claims' of the United States, or of any particular State. 

Mcculloch ('. State of Maryland, 4 Wh.,316; American Insurance Company v. 
Canter, 1 Pet., 511; United States -y. Gratiot et al., K Pet., 526; United States v. 
. Rogers, 4 How., 567; Cross et al. v. Harrison, 16 How., 164; Muckey et al. v. Coxe, 
18 How., 100; Bred Scott v. Sandford, 19 How., 393; Gibson v. Chouteau, 13 Wall.' 
92; Clinton v. Englebert, 13 Wall. , 434; Beall v. New Mexico, 16 Wall . , 535;' National 
Bank V, Yankton County, 101 U. S., 129; United States v. Waddell et als.', 112 U. S., 
76; Van Brocklin v. State of Tennessee, 117 U. S., 151; Clayton v. Utah Territory' 
132 U. S., 632; Wisconsin Central Railroad Co. v. Price, 133 U. S., 496; Geofroy 
V. Riggs, 133 U. S., 258; Mormon Church v. United States, 136 U. S., 1;' Jones v 
United States, 137 U. S., 202; St. Paul, Minneapolis, etc., Railway Co. v 
Phelps, 137 U.S., 528; Talton v. Mayes, 163 U. S., 376; American Publishing Co' 
V. Fisher, 166 U. S., 464; Camlield v. United States, 167 U. S., 618; Thompson v. 
Utah, 170 U. S., 343; Green Bay & Mississippi Canal Co. v. Patten Paper Co., 173 
U. S., 179; Neely v. Henkel (No. 1), 180 U. S., 109; De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U S 
1; Dooley v. United States, 182 U. S., 222; Downes v. Bidwell, 182 u! S., 244; Four- 
teen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U. S., 176; Hawaii v. Ma'nkiehi, 190 
U. S., 197; Binns v. United States, 194 U. «., 486; Dorr v. United States, 195 U. s. 
138; Rassmussen v. United States, 197 U. S., 516. ' ' 

Section. 4. The United States shall guarantee to everv 
State in this Union a Republican Form of Government and 
shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Applica- 
tion of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legis- 
lature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence. 

Luther v. Borden, 7 How., 1; Texas v. White, 7 Wall., 700; In re Duncan 139 
U. S., 449; Taylor et aL v. Beckham (No. 1), 178 U. S., 548; South Carolina v 
United States, 199 U. S., 437. ^ 



30 CONSTITUTION. 

ARTICLE. Y. 

Tlie Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall 
deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Consti- 
tution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds 
of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing 
Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Litents 
and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified ))y 
the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by 
Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other 
Mode of Ratitication may be proposed by the Congress; Pro- 
vided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the 
Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Man- 
ner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of 
the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall 
be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate. 

ARTICLE. VI. 

' All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before 
the Adoption of this Constitution, shall l)o as valid against the 
United States under this Constitution, as under the Confed- 
eration. 

-This Constitution, and the Laws of the I'nited States which 
shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, uv 
which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, 
shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in 
every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Consti- 
tution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. 

Hayburn's case, 2 Dall.. 4ii9; Waro r. Hylton, 3 Dall., 199; Calclcranfl wife )'. 
Bull and wife, 3 Dall., 386; >[arbury r. Madison, 1 Cr., 137; Chirac v. Chirac, 2 
Wh.,-2o9; McCullochf. The state of Maryland, 4 Wh., 310; Society r. New Haven, 
8 Wh., 464; Gibbons v. Ogdcn, 9 Wh., 1; Foster and Elam r. Ncilson, 2 Pet., 253; 
Buckner r. Finley,2 Pet. ,.586; Worcester c. State of Georgia, 6 Pet.,. 51.V Kennett 
et al. V. Chambers, 14 How., 3ff; Dodge v. Woolsey, 18 How., 331; State of Now 
York V. Dibble, 21 How., 366; Ableman r. Booth and United States r. Booth, 21 
How., 506; Slnnot v. Davenport, 22 How., 227; Foster v. Davenport, 22 How., 244; 
Haver r. Yaker, 9 Wnl., 32; Claflin v. Houseman, a.s.signee, 93 T'. S., ISO; United 
States V. 43 Gallons of Whiskey, 93 U. S., 188; Hanensjein r. Lynham, 100 U. S., 483; 



CON-STITUTION. 31 

Neal V. Delaware, 103 U. S., 370; Ex parte Crow Dog, 109 U. S., 556; Carroll County 
i;.Sniith,lll U.S..556; Head Money Cases, 112 U.S., 580; Van Brocklin uState of 
Tennessee, 117 U. S., 151; United States v. Rauscher, 119 U. S., 407; Kerr v. Illinois 
119 U.S., 436; Whitney ?;. Robinson, 124- U. S., 190; The Chinese Exclusion Cases' 
130 U. S.. 581; Geofroy v. Riggs, 133 U. S., 258; In re Neagle, 135 U. S., 1; Horner v 
United States, 143 U.S., 570; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U S 698- Gulf 
Colorado and Santa F^ Railway Co. v. Hefley, 158 U. S., 98; Ward v. Race Horse' 
163 U. S., 504; McClellan v. Chipman, 164 U. S., 347; Smyth v. Ames, 169 U S 466- 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Co. v. Haber, 169 U. S., 613; Ohio v Thomas ' 
173 U. S., 276; Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U. S., 553; South Carolina t.. United 
States, 199 U.S., 437. 

^ The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and 
the Members of the several State Leg-islatures, and all execu- 
tive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the 
several States, shaW be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to sup- 
port this Constitution; but no relig-ious Test shall ever be re- 
quired as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under 
the United States. 

Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; Davis •(;. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; MormonChurch 
V. United States, 136 U. S., 1. 



ARTICLE. VII. 

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be 
sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between 
the States so ratifying the Same. 

Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States 
present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of 
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and 
of the Independence of the United .^tates of America the 
Twelfth. Ill Witness whereof We have hereunto sub- 
scribed our Names, 

G° WASHINGTON— 
Presidt. and Deputy fromVirginia 

New Hampshire. 
John Langdon, Nicholas Oilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. 



32 



CONSTITUTION. 

I 

Connecticut. 



Wm. Sami.. Johnson, Rogek Sherman. 

Weio York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 



Wil: Lrv^iNGSTON, 
David Brearley. 



B. Franklin, 
RoBT. Morris, 
Tho: Fitzsimons, 
James Wilson, 

Geo: Kead. 
John Dickinson, 
J ago: Broom, 

James M'Henry, 
Danl Carroll 

John Blair. 



\Vm. Blount, 
Hu. Williamson. 

j. rutledge, 
Charles Pinckney, 

William Few, 
Attest: 



Xew Jersey. 

Wm. Paterson, 
Jona. Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 

Thomas Mifflin, 
Geo: Clymer, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
Gouv: M()Ri;is. 

Delaware. 
Gunning Bedford, Jiin'r. 
Richard Bassett. 

Maryland. 

Dan: of St. Thos. Jenifer. 

Yirginia. 
James Madison. Jr, 

North Carolina. 

Rich'd Dobbs Spaight 

South Carolina. 

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

Georgia. 
Abr. Baldwin. 

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



CONSTITUTION. 33 



ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, THE CON- 
STITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PROPOSED 
BY CONGRESS, AND RATIFIED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF 
THE SEVERAL STATES PURSUANT TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE 
OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION. 



, [ARTICLE I.]* 

Congress shall make no law respecting- an establishment of 
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridg- 
ing the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right 
of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Gov- 
ernment for a redress of grievances. 

' Terret et al. v. Taylor et al., 9 Cr., 43; Vidal et al. v. Girard et al., 2 How., 127; 
Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; United States v. Crulkshank et al., 92 U. S., 542; 
Reynolds v. United States, 98 U. S., 145; Spiers v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Davis v. 
Beason, 133 U. S. 333; Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Mormon 
Church V. United States, 136 U. S., 1; In re Rapier, 143 U. S., 110; Horner v. 
United States, 143 U. S., 207; Bradfleld v. Roberts, 175 U. S., 291; Turner v. Wil- 
liams, 194 U. S., 279; Jack v. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372. 



[ARTICLE TL] 

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to, the security of 
a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, 
shall not be infringed. 

Presser v. Illinois, 116 U. S., 252; Spiers v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Eilenbecker v. 
Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Jack v. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372. 

*The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States were proposed to 
the legislatures of the several States by the First Congress, on the 25th of September, 1789. 
They were ratified by the following States, and the notifications of ratification by the 
governors thereof were successively communicated by the President to Congress: New 
Jersey, November 20, 1789; Maryland, December 19, 1789; North Carolina, December 22, 
1789; South Carolina, January 19, 1790; New Hampshire, January 25, 1790; Delaware, Jan- 
uary 28, 1790; Pennsylvania, March 10, 1790; New York, March 27, 1790; Rhode Island, 
June 15, 1790; Vermont, November 3, 1791, and Virginia, December 15, 1791. There is no 
evidence on the journals of Congress that the legislature? of Connecticut, Georgia, and 
Massachusetts ratified them. 



34 CONSTITUTION. 

[ARTICLE III.] 

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, 
without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of >var, but in 
a manner to be prescribed by law. 

Spiers v. niinois, 123 U. S.. 131; Eilenbecker t-. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 
31; Jack v. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372. 

[ARTICLE IV.J 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, 
papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, 
shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon 
probable cause, supported by Oath or atlirnuition, and par- 
ticularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons 
or things to be seized. 

Smith r. state of Maryland, 18 How., 71; Murray's Lessee et al. v. Hoboken 
Land and Improvement Company, 18 How., 272; Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall.. 2; 
Boyd V. United States, 116 U. S. 016; Spiers v. niinois, 123 U. S., 131; Eilen" 
becker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 119 
U. S., 698; Interstate Commerce Commi.s.sion r. Brimson, 154 U. S., 447; In re 
Chapman, 1C.6 U. S., C61; Adiims v. New York, 192 U. S., 585; Morris v. Hitch- 
cock, 194 U. S., 384; Public Clearing House v. Coyne, 191 U. S., 497; Interstate 
Commerce Commission v. Bainl. T.M T". S.. 25: .lack r. Kan.sas. 199 U. S., 372. 

[ARTICLE v.] 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or other- 
wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment 
of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval 
forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of 
War or public danger;' nor shall any person be subject for the 
same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb;'^ nor 
shall be compelled in any Criminal Case to be a witness again.st 
himself;^ nor be deprived of life, libertv, or property, without 
due process of law;* nor shall private propert}^ be taken for 
public use, without just compensation.' 

United States v. Perez, 9 Wh., 579; Barron v. The City of Baltimore, 7 Pet., 243; 
Fox V. Ohio, 5 How. 410; West River Bridge Company r. Dix et al., 6 How., 607; 



CONSTITUTIOIT. 35 

Mitchell v. Harmony, 13 How., 115; Moore, ex., v. The People of the State of 
Illinois, 14 How., 13; Murray's Lessee et al. v. Hoboken Land and Improvement 
Company, 18 How., 272; Dynes v. Hoover, 20 How., 65; Withers v. Buckley et 
al., 20 How., 84; Gilman v. The City of^heboygan, 2 Black, 510; Ex parte Milli- 
gan, 4 Wall., 2; Twitchell v. The Commonwealth, 7 Wall., 321; Hepburn v. Gris- 
wold, 8 Wall., 603; Miller v. United States, 11 Wall., 268; Legal Tende; /'ases, 12 
Wall., 457; Pumpelly v. Green Bay Company, 13 Wall., 166; Osborn v. Nicuolson, 
13 Wall., 654; Ex parte Lange, 18 Wall., 163; Kohl et al. v. United States, 91 U. S., 
367; Davidson v. New Orleans, 96 U. S., 97; Sinking Fund Cases, 99 U. S., 700; 
Langford v. United States, 101 U. S., 341; Kelly v. Pittsburgh, 104 U. S., 78; Ex 
parte Wall., 107 U.S., 265: United States v. Jones, 109 U. S., 513; United States v. 
Great Falls Manufacturing Co., 112 U.S., 645; Ex parte Wilson, 114 U.S., 417; 
Boyd V. United States, 116 U. S., 616; Mackin v. United States, 117 U. S., 348; Ex 
parte Bain, 121 U.S., 1; Parkinson v. United States, 121 U.S., 281; Spiers v. Illi- 
nois, 123 U. S., 131; Callan v. Wilson, 127 U. S., 510; United States v. De Walt, 128 
U.S., 393; Mannings. French, 133 U. S., 186; Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 
134 U. S., 31: Louisville & Nashville R. R. Co. v. Woodson, 134 U. S., 614; In re 
Ross, 140 U. S., 453; Counselman v. Hitchcock, 142 U. S., 547; Simmonds v. United 
States, 142 U. S., 148; Thorington v. Montgomery, 147 u; S., 490; Monongahela 
Navigation Co. v. United States, 148 U. S., 312; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 
149 U.S., 698; Lees v. United States, 150 U.S., 476; Marchant v. Pennsylvania 
Railroad Co., 153 U.S., 380; Linford v. Ellison, 155 U. S., 503; Johnson v. Sayre, 
158 U. S., 109; Sweet v. Rechel, 159 U. S., 380; Brown v. Walker, 161 U. S., 591; 
Wong Wing v. United States, 163 U. S., 228; Talton v. Mayes, 163 U. S., 376; 
Bauman v. Ross, 167 U. S., 548; Wilson v. Lambert, 168 U. S., 611; United 
States V. Joint Traffic Association, 171 U. S., 505; Maxwell v. Dow, 176 U. S., 581; 
Scranton v. Wheeler, 179 U. S., 141; McDonald v. Massachusetts, 180 U. S., 311; 
Neely v. Henkel (No. 1), 180 U. S., 109; French v. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., 
181 U. S., 324; Wight v. Davidson, 181 U. S., 371; Tonawanda v. Lyon, 181 U. S., 
389; Capital City Dairy Co. v. Ohio, 183 U. S., 238; Hanover National Bank v. 
Moyses, 186 U. S., 181; Dreyerv. Illinois, 187 U. S., 71; Lone Wolf t). Hitchcock, 
187 U. S., 553; United States v. Lynah, 188 U. S., 445; The Japanese Immigrant 
Case, 189 U. S., 86; Hawaii v. Mankichi, 190 U. S., 197; Bedford v. United States, 
192 'U. S., 217; Buttfield v. Stranahan', 192 U. S., 470; Adams v. New York, 192 
U. S., 585; * Minneapolis & St. Louis R. R. Co. v. Minnesota, 193 U. S., 53; i Bea- 
vers V. Henkel, 194 U. S., 73; < Morris v. Hitchcock, 194 U. S., 384; *Lloyd v. Dol- 
lison, 194 U. S., 445; * Public Clearing House v. Coyne, 194 U. S., 497; 4 Turner v. 
Williams, 194 U. S., 279; ^ Shepard v. Barron, 194 U. S., 553; Interstate Commerce 
Commission v. Baird, 194 U. S., 25; sRepner v. United States, 195 U. S., 100 
McCray v. United States, 195 U. S., 27; iRassmussen v. United States, 197 U. S. 
516; 4juToy V. United States, 198 U. S., 2.53; sjack v. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372 
4 South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S., 437; 2 Trono v. United States, 199 U. S. 
521; 5 Chicago, B. & Q. Ry. Co. v. Drainage Commissioners, 200 U. S., 561 
6 Southern Pacific R. R. Co. v. United States, 200 U. S., 341; Howard v. Kentucky, 
200 U. S., 164. 



36 CONSTITUTION. 

[ARTICLE VI.] 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the 
right ton speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the 
State and district wherein the crime shall have been com- 
mitted, which district shall have been previously ascertained 
by law, and to be int'oi-med of the nature and cause of the 
accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; 
to have compulsory process for ol)taining witnesses in his 
faVor, and to have the assistiince of counsel for his defence. 

United States v. Cooledge, 1 Wli., 415; Ex parte Kearney, 7 Wh., 38; United 
States I'. Mills, 7 Pet., 142; Barron v. City of Baltimore, 7 Pet., 243; Fox v. Ohio, 
5 How., 410: Witliers v. Buckley et al., 20 How., 84; Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall., 
2; Twiehell v. The Common weal tli, 7 Wall., 321; Miller r. The United Slate.-;. 11 
Wall.,2C»; United States r. Cook, 17 Wall., ItW; United States r. Cniikshank et 
al., 92 U. S., 642; Reynolds i-. United States, 98 U. S., 14.5; Spiers v. Illinois. 123 
U. S., 131; Brooks v. Missouri, 124 U. S.. 394; Callan v. Wilson, 127 U. S., 540; 
Eilenbecker r. Plymouth County, i:}4 U. S., 31; Jones v. United States, 137 U. S., 
202; Cook r. United States, 138 U. S., 1.57; In re Shubuya Jugiro, 140 U. S., 291; 
In re Ross, HO U. S., 4.53; Fong Yue Ting v. rnile<l SUtes, 149 U. S., 698; Mattox 
V. United States, 156 U. S., 237; Rosen r. United States, 161 U.S.. 29; United 
States V. Zucker, ICl U. S., 47.5;' Wong Wing v. United States, 163 U. S., 228; 
Thompson v. UUih,170 U.S., 343; Maxwell r. Dow, 176 U. S.,6S1; Motes v. United 
States, 178 U. S., 4.58; Fidelity and Deposit Co. r. United States, 187 U. S., 316; 
Hawaii v. Mankichi, 190 U. S.. 197; Lloyd r. Dolli.s«.n, l'.M U. S., 445; West v. 
Louisiana, 194 U. S., 258; Turner v. Williams, 194 U. S., 279; Schirk t>. United 
States, 195 U. S., 65; Dorr v. United States, 195 U. S., 138; Rassmusscn r. United 
States, 197 U. S., 516; Beavers v. Hauberl, 198 U. S., 77; Marvin v. Trout, 199 U. S., 
212; Jaek v. Kansas, 199 U. S.,-372; Martin r. Texas, 200 U. S., 316; Howard t'. 
Kentucky, 2nn V. s,.ir>4. 

[ARTICLE VIL] 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy 
shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial l»v jury shall be 
preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise 
re-examined in any Court of the United States, than accord- 
ing to the rules of the common law. 

United States v. La Vengeance, 3 Dall., 297; Bank of Columbia v. Oakley, 4 
Wh., 2a5; Parsons v. Bedford et al., 3 Pet., 433; Lessee of Livingston v. Moore 
etal., 7 Pet., 469; Webster r. Reid, 11 How., 437; State of Pennsylvania v. The 
Wheeling, &c.. Bridge Company et al., 13 How., .518; The Justices v. Murray, 9 
Wall., 274; Edwards v. Elliott et al., 21 Wall., 532; Pearson v. Yewdall, 95 U. S., 
294; McElrath i: United States, 102 U. S., 426; Spiers i'. Illinois. 123 U.S., 131; 
Arkansas Valley Land &. Cattle Co. v. Mann., 130 U. S., 69; Eilenbecker v. Ply- 



CONSTITUTION. 37 

mouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Whitehead v. Shattuck, 138 U. S., 146; Scott v. 
Neely, 140 U. S., 106; Gates v. Allen, 149 U. S., 451; Fong Yue Ting v. United 
States, 149 U. S., 698; Coughran v. Bigelow, 164 U. S., 301; Walker v. New Mexico 
& Southern Pacific Railroad, 165 U. 5., 598; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy v. 
Chicago, 166 U. S., 226; American Publishing Co. v. Fisher, 166 U. S., 464; Rass- 
mussen v.. rTnited<«tates. W U. S., 516; Marvin v. Trout, 199 U. S., 212; Jack v. 
Kansas, 199 U. S., 372. 

[ARTICLE VIII.] 

Excessive bail shall not be required, lior excessive fines 
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Pervear 7'. Commonwealth, 5 Wall., 475; Spiers v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Man- 
ning V. French, 133 "u. S., 186; Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; 
McElvaine v. Brush, 142 U. S., 155; O'Neil v. Vermont, 144 U. S., 323; McDonald 
V. Massachusetts, 180 U. S., 311; Jack v. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372. 
t 

[AETICLE IX.] 

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall 
not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the 
people. 

Lessee of Livingston v. Moore et al., 7 Pet., 469; Spiers v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 
131; Jack v. Kansas, 199 U. S.. 872. 

[ARTICLE X.] 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Con- 
stitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to 
the States respectively, or to the people. 

Chisholm, ex., v. State of Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; Hollingsworth et al. v. The 
State of Virginia, 3 Dall., 378; Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wh., 304; McCuUoch 
V. State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Anderson v. Dunn, 6 Wh., 204; Cohens v. Vir- 
ginia, 6 Wh., 264; Osborn v. United States Bank, 9 Wh., 738; Buchler v. Finley, 
2 Pet., 586; Ableman v. Booth, 21 How., 506; The Collector v. Day, 11 Wall, 113; 
Claflin V. Houseman, assignee, 93 U. S., 130; Inman Steamship Company v. 
Tinker, 94 U. S., 238; United States v. Fox, 94 U. S., 315; Tennessee v. Davis, 100 
U. S., 257; Spiers v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. 
(Income Tax Case), 157 U. S., 429; Forsyth v. Hammond, 166 U. S., 506; St. 
( Anthony Falls Water Power Co. v. St. Paul Water Commissioners, 168 U. S., 349; 

Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Co. v. Haber, 169 U. S., 613; Hancock Mutual 
Life Ins. Co. v. Warren, 181 U. S., 73; Kansas v. Colorado, 185 U. S., 125; Andrews 
V. Andrews, 188 U. S., 14; Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U. S., 197; 
Turner v. Williams, 194 U. S., 279; McCray v. United States, 195 U. S., 27; Central 
of Georgia Ry. Co. v. Murphey, 196 U. S., 194; Matter of Heff (Indian), 197 U. S., 
488; South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S., 437; Jack v. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372. 



38 CONSTITUTION. 



ARTICLE XL* 

The Judicial power of the United States shall not be con- 
strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or 
prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of 
another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign 
State. 

state of Georgia r. Brailsford et al., 2 Dall., 402; Chisholm, ex., r. State of 
Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; Holftngsworth et al. v. Virginia, 3 Dall., 378; Cohen r. Vir- 
ginia, r> Wh., 264; 0sb)rn c. United SUUes Bank, 9 \Vh.,7:}8; United Stjites f. The 
Planters' Bank, 9 Wh., 904; the Governor of Georgia c.Juan Madrazo, 1 Pet.. 110; 
Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, 5 Pet., 1; Briscoe v. The Bank of the Com- 
monwealth of Kentucky, U Pet., 257; Curran r. State of Arkansa.set nl.,1.5How., 
304; Louisiana r.Jumel, 107 U.S., 711; New Hampshire r. Louisiana, 108 U.S., 76; 
Clark r. Barnard, 108 U.S., 436; Cunningham r. Mucon & Brunswick Railroad, 
109 U. S., 446; Puindexter i'. Greenlow, 114 U. S., 270; .Vllcn, auditor, et al. r. 
Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co., 114 U. S., 311; Hiigood v. Southern, 117 U. S., 62; 
Ralston v. Missouri Fund Commissioners, 120 U. S., 390; In re Ayers, 123 U.S., 
443; Lincoln County r. Luning, 133 U. S., 529; Christian v. Atlantic & North 
Carolina R. R.Co., 133 U.S., 233; Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U. S.,1; North Carolina 
V. Temple, 134 U. S., 22; New York Guaranty Co. c. Steele, 134 U.S., 230; Vir- 
ginia Coupon Cases, 135 U.S., 662; Pennoyerr. McConnaughy, 140 U. S.,1; United 
States t'. Texas, 143 U. S., 621; In re Tyler. 149 U.S., 164; Reagan v. Farmers' 
Loan i Trust Co., 154 U.S., 362; Scott r. Donald, 165 U.S., 68; Scott v. Donald, 166 
U.S., 107; Tindal r. Wesley, 107 U.S., 204; Smyth r. Ames, 169 U.S., 466; Fitts f. 
McGhee, 172 U. S.,516; Louisiana r. Texas, 176 U.S.,1; Smith v. Reeves, 178 U.S., 
436; Scranton 1'. Wheeler, 179 U.S., 141; Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Adams, 
180 U.S., 28; Prout v. Starr,188U. S., 537; SAuth Dakota f. North Carolina,192 
U.S., 286; Chandler c. Dix,194 U.S., 590; Jacob.son r. Massachu.sctls, 197 U.S.. 11; 
Graham u. Folsom, 200 U. S., 248; Gunter r. Atlantic Coast Line, 200 U.S., 273. 

*The eleventh amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to 
the legislatures of the several States by the Third Congress on the 5th of September, 1794; 
and was declared in a mcs-sjige from the President to Congress, dated the 8th of .lanuary, 
1798, to have been ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States. 



OONSTITUTION. 39 

ARTICLE XII.* 

The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote 
by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at 
least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with them- 
selves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for 
as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as 
Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all per- 
sons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as 
Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which 
lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the 
yseat of the government of the United States, directed to the 
President of the Senate; — The President of the Senate shall, 
in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open 
all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; — The 
person having the greatest number of votes for President, 
shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the 
whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have 
such majority, then from the persons having the highest 
numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immedi- 
ately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the Presi- 
dent, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation 
from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose 
shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the 
states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a 
choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose 
a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon 
them, before the fourth day of March next following, then 
the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the 
death or other constitutional disabilit}^ of the President. The 

*The twelfth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the 
legislatures of the several States by the Eighth Congress on the 12th of December, 1803, in 
lieu of the original third paragraph of the first section of the second article, and was 
declared in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 25th of September, 1804, 
to have been ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States. 



40 CONSTITUTION. 

person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, 
shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of 
the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person 
have a majority, then from the two highest lunnbers on the 
list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a (juorum for 
the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number 
of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be 
necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally indi- 
o-ible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of 
Vice-President of the United States. 

In reGreen, 134 U. S., 377. 



ARTICLE XIII.* 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, ex- 
cept as a punishment foi: crime whereof the party shall have 
been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or 
any place subject to their jurisdiction. 

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article 
by appropriate legislation. 

Dred Scott r. Sanford. 19 How., 393; White r. Hurt, 13 Wnll., 640; Osborn v. 
Nicholson, 13 Wall., 65-J; Slaughter-house Cases, 10 Wall., 30; Ex parte Vir^'inia, 
100 U. S., 339; Civil Rights Case, 109 U. S.. 3; Plessy r. Ferguson, 163 V. S., .S37; 
Robertson v. Baldwin, 165 U. S.. 275; Clyatt v. United States, 197 U. 8., 207. 



♦ The thirteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United Slates was propo.sed to 
the legislatures of the several States by the Thirty eighth Congre.ss, on the 1st of Kobru- 
ary, 1805, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the l«th 
of December, I860, to have been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-seven of the thirty- 
six States, viz: Hlinois, Rhode I.'^land, Michigan, Maryland, New York, West Virginia, 
Maine, Kansas, Ma.'^.xachusetts, IVnusylvania, Virginia, Ohin, Missouri, Nevada, Indiana, 
Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Vermont, Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecticut, New 
Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia. 



COJSrSTITUTION. 41 

ARTICLE XIV.* 

Sectioist 1. All persons born or- naturalized in the United 
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of 
the United States and of the State wherein they reside/ No 
State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the 
privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States ;^ nor 
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or prop- 
erty, without due process of law;^ nor deny to any person 
within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws/ 

Crandall v. The State of Nevada, 6 Wall., 35; Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall., 168; 
Ward?). Maryland, 12 Wall., 418; Slaughter-liouse Cases, 16 Wall., 36; Bradwell 
V. The State, 16 Wall., 130; Barte'meyer v. Iowa, 18 Wall., 129; Minor v. Happer- 



*The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to 
the legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-ninth Congress, on the 16th of June, 
1866. On the 21st of July, 1868, Congress adopted and transmitted to the Department of 
state a concurrent resolution declaring that "the legislatures of the States of Connecti- 
cut, Tennessee, New Jersey, Oregon, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, 
Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Missouri, Indiana, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Alabama, South Carolina, and Louis- 
iana, being three-fourths and more of the several States of the Union, have ratified the 
fourteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States, duly proposed 
by two-thirds of each House of the Thirty-ninth Congress: Therefore Resolved, That said 
fourteenth article is hereby declared to be a part of the Constitution of the United States, 
and it shall be duly promulgated as such by the Secretary of State." The Secretary of 
State accordingly issued a proclamation, dated the 28th of July, 1868, declaring that the 
propo.sed fourteenth amendment had been ratified, in the manner hereafter mentioned, 
by the legislatures of thirty-six States, viz: Connecticut, June 30, 1866; New Hampshire, 
July 7, 1866; Tennessee, July 19, 1866; New Jersey, September 11, 1866, (and the legislature 
of the same State passed a resolution in April, 1868, to withdraw its consent to it;) Ore- 
gon, September 19, 1866; Vermont, November 9, 1866; Georgia rejected it November 13, 
1866, and ratified it July 21, 1868; North Carolina rejected it December 4, 1866, and ratified 
it July 4, 1868; South Carolina rejected it December 20, 1866, and ratified it July 9, 1868; 
New York ratified it January 10, 1867; Ohio ratified it January 11, 1867, (and the legisla- 
ture of the same State passed a resolution in January, 1868, to withdraw its consent to it;) 
Illinois ratified it January 15, 1867; West Virginia, January 16, 1867; Kansas, January 18, 
1867; Maine, January 19, 1867; Nevada, January 22, 1867; Missouri, January 26, 1867; 
Indiana, January 29, 1867; Minnesota, February 1, 1867; Rhode Island, February 7, 1867,' 
Wisconsin, February 13, 1867; Pennsylv^inia, February 13, 1867; Michigan, February 15^ 
1867; Massachusetts, March 20, 1867; Nebraska, June 15, 1867; Iowa, April 3, 1868; Arkansas^ 
April 6, 1868; Florida, June 9, 1868; Louisiana, July 9, 1868; and Alabama, July 13, 1868; 
Georgia again ratified the amendment February 2, 1870. Texas rejected it November 1,' 
1866, and ratified February 18, 1870. Virginia rejected it January 19, 1867, and ratified 
October 8, 1869. The amendment was rejected by Kentucky January 10, 1867; by Dela- 
ware February 8, 1867; by Maryland March 23, 1867, and was not afterward ratified by 
either State. 



42 CONSTITUTION. 

sett, 21 Wall., 162; Walker v. Sauvinet, 92 U. S., 90; Kennard v. Louisiaua, ex 
rel. Morgan, 92 U. S., 480; United States r. Cruikshank, 92 U. S., 542; Munn v. 
Illinois, 94 U. S., 113; McMillen v. Anderson, 95 U. S., 3"; Pennoyer r. Nefl, 95 
U. S., 714; Pearson v. Yewdal), 95 U. S., 294; Kirtland i'. Hotchkiss, 100 U. S., 
491; Railroad Co. v. Richmond, 90 U. S., 521; Davidson v. New Orleans, 96 U. S., 
97; Strauder r. West Virginia, 100 U. S., 303; Virginia v. Rivers, 100 U. S., 313; 
Ex parte Virginia, 100 U. S. 339; Missouri v. Lewis, 101 U. S., 22; Neal v. Dela- 
ware, 103 U. S., 370: Fox v. Cincinnati, 104 U. S., 783; Kelly v. Pitt.'slmrgh. 104 
U. S., 78; Pace v. Alabama, 100 U. S., 5S3; Goss v. United States Mortgage Co., 
108 U. S., 477; Civil Rights Cases, 109 U. S., 3; Louisiana v. New Orleans, 109 
U. S., 285; Hurtadd r. California, 110 U. S., 516: Hagar v. Reclamation Dist., Ill 
U. S.,*701; Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U. S., 94; Foster v. Kansas, 112 U. S.. 201; Head v. 
Amoskeag Man'f. Co., 113 U. S., 9; Barbier v. Connolly, 113 U. S., 27; Provident 
Institution for Savings v. Mayor and Aldermen of Jersey City, 113 U. S., 506; 
Soon Hing v. Crowley, 113 U. S., 703; Ex parte Reggel, 114 U. S., 642; Wurts et al. 
V. Hoagland et als., 114 U. S., 606; Kentucky Railroad Tax Cases, 115 U. S., 321; 
Missouri Pacific R. R. Co. v. Humes, 115 U. S., 512; Campbell et al. v. Holt, 115 
U. S., 620; Pres.ser r. Illinois, 116 U. S., 252; Railroad Commission Cases, 116 
U. S., 307, 347, 352; Royall v. Virginia, 116 U. S., 572; Arrowsmith v. Harmoning, 118 
U. S.,194; Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U. S., 356: Santa Clara County r. Southern Pa- 
cific R. R., 118 U. S., 394; Philadelphia Fire Association i: New York, 119 U. S., 
110; Home Insurance Co. v. New York, 119 U. S., 129; .Schmidt v. Cobb, 119 
U.S., 286; Kerr ti. Illinois. 119U.S..43C; Hayesf. Mis.souri, 120U. S., 68; Baldwin v. 
Franks, 120 U.S., 678; Church r. Kelsey, 121 U.S., 282; Spiers r. Illinois, 1>3U. S., 
131; Sands v. Manistee River Improvement Co., 123 U. S.,288; Mugler r. Kansas, 
123 U. S., 623; Pembina Mining Co. v. Pennsylvania, 125 U. S., ISl; Spencer v. 
Merchant, 125 U. S., 345; Dow v. Bcidclman, 125 U. S., 680; Bank of Redemption 
V. Boston, 125 U. S., 60; California r. Pacific Railroad Co., 127 U. S.. 1; Ro Bardo 
V. Lamb, 127 U. S., 58; Mi.ssouri Pacific Railway Co. v. Mackey, 127 U. S., 2a5; 
Powell V. Pennsylvania, 127 U. S., 678; Mahon r. Justice, 127 U. S., 700; Kidd v. 
Pearson, 128 U. S.. 1; Na.shville, ChfitUmooga, etc., Railway v. Alabama, 128 V. S., 
96^ Walston v. Nevin, 12.S U. S., 578; Minncayjolis &. St. Louis Hallway r. Beck- 
witb, 129 U. S., 26; Dent r. We**t Virginia, 129 U. S., 114; Huling v. Kaw Valley 
Railway & Improvement Co., 130 U. S., 559: Preelaud v. Williams, 131 U. S.,405; 
Cross V. North Carolina. 132 U. S.. 131; Pennie i'. Rei.s, 132 U. S., 464; Sugg r. 
Thornton, 132 U. S., 524; Manning c. French, 133 V. S., 186; Davis r. Bca.son, 133 
U. S.. 333: Palmer r. McMahon, 133 U. S., 660; Eilenbecker i: I'lymouth County, 
134 U. S., 31; Bell Gap R. R. Co. r. Penn.sylvania, 134 U. S., 232; Chicago, Mil- 
waukee «fc St. Paul Railway Co. v. Minnesota, 134 U. S., 418; Minneapolis Eastern 
Railroad Co. v. Minnesota, 134 U. S., 467; Home Insurance Co. v. New York, 134 
U. S., 594; Louisville it Nashville R. R. Co. v. Woodson, 134 U. S., 614; Cherokee 
Nation v. Southern Kansas R. R., 135 U. S., 641; In re Kemmler, 136 U. S., 436; 
York »•. Texas, 137 U. S., 15; Crowley v. Christen.sen, 137 U. S., 86: Wheeler r. 
Jackson, 137 U. S., 245; Holden v. Minnesota, 137 U. S., 4.83; In re Converse, 137 
U. S., 624; Caldwell f. Texas, 137 U. S.. 692; KaufTman v. Woofers, 138 U. S., 285; 
Leeper v. Texas, 139 V. S., 462: In re Manning, 139 U. S., 504; Natal v. Louisiana, 
139 U. S., 621; Lent v. Tillson, 140 U. S., 316; In re Rahrer, 140 U. S., 645; 
New Orleans v. New Orleans Water Works Co., 142 U. S., 79; McElvaine v. 
Brush, 142 U. S., 155; Kaukauna Water Power Co. v. Green Bay & Missi.s.sippi 
Canal Co., 142 U. S., 254; Charlotte, Augusta & Columbia Railroad Co. v. Gibbes. 
142 U. S., 386; Pacific Kxprcss Co. v. Seibert, 142 U. S., 339; Horn Silver Mining 
Co. V. New York, 143 U. S., 305; Budd v. New York, 143 U. S., 517; Schwab r. 



OONSTITUTIOiT. 43 

Berggren, 143 U. S., 442; Fielden v. Illinois, 143 U. S., 452; O'Neil v. Vermont 
144 U. S., 323; New York v. Squire, 145 U. S., 175; Brown v. Smart, 145 U. S., 454; 
McPhersonv. Blacker, 146 U.S.,1; Morley-y. Lake Shore & Michigan Soutliern 
R. R. Co., 146 U. S., 162; Hallinger v. Davis, 146 U. S., 314; Yesler v. Washington 
Harbor Line Commissioners, 146 U. S., 646; Jennings v. Coal Ridge Improve- 
ment & Coal Co., 147 U. S., 147; Giozza v. Tiernan, 148 U. S., 657; Paulsen v. 
Portland, 149 U. S., 30; Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway v. Emmons, 149 U. S ' 
364; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U. S., 698; McNulty v. California, 149 
U. S., 645; Columbus Southern Railway Co. v. Wright, 151 U. S., 470; New York 
& New England Railroad Co. v. Bristol, 151 U. S., 556; Lawton v. Steele, 152 
. ■ 17. S., 133; Montana Co. v. St. Louis Mining & Milling Co.,^152 U. S., 160; Duncan 
V. Missouri, 152 U. S., 377; Marchant v. Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 153 U. S 
380; Braes v. Stoeser, 153 U. S., 391; McKane v. Durston, 153 U. S., 684; Scott v: 
McNeal, 154 U. S., 34; Reagan v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 154 U. S., 362; Pitts- 
burgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway Co. v. Backus, 154 U. S., 421- 
St. Loui^& San Francisco Railway Co. v. Gill, 156 U. S., 649; Bergeman v. Backer' 
157 U. S., 655; Gray v. Connecticut, 159 U. S., 74; Central Land Co. v. Laidley, 159 
U. S., 103; Moore v. Missouri, 159 U. S., 673; Winona & St. Peter Land Co. v. Min- 
nesota, 159 U. S., 526: Iowa Central Railway Co. v. Iowa, 160 U. S., 389; Eldridge v. 
Trezevant, 160 U. S., 452; Gibson v. Mississippi. 162 U. S., 565; Western Union Tele- 
graph Co. V. Taggart, 163 U. S., 1; Lowe v. Kansas, 163 U. S., 81; tlessy » Fer- 
guson, 163 U. S., 537; Talton v. Mayes, 163 U. S., 376; Fallbrook Irrigation Dis- 
trict V. Bradley, 164 U. S., 112; Missouri Pacific Railway Co. v. Nebraska, 164 
U. S., 403; Covington & Lexington Turnpike Co. v. Sandford, 164 U.S., 578; St 
Louis & San Francisco Railway Co. v. Matthews, 165 U. S., 1; Gulf, Colorado & 
Santa F6 Railways. Ellis, 165 U. S., 150; Jones ?;. Brim, 165 U. S., 180; Adams 
Express Co. v. Ohio State Auditor, 165 U. S., 194; Western Union Telegraph Co. 
V. Indiana, 165 U.S., 304; Allgeyerv. Louisiana, 165 U. S., 578; N. Y., N H & 
Hartford R. R. v. New York, 165 U. S., 628; Allen v. Georgia, 166 U. S 'l38- Chi- 
cago, Burlington & Quincy R. R. Co. v. Chicago, 166 U. S., 226; Gladson v. Minne- 
sota, 166 U. S., 427; Sentell v. New Orleans & Carrollton R. R. Co., 166 U S 698- 
Henderson Bridge Co. v. Kentucky, 166 U. S., 150; Davis v. Massachusette, 167 
U. S., 43; Merchants' & Manufacturers' Bank v. Pennsylvania, 167 U S '461- 
Turner v. New York, 168 U. S., 90; Craemer v. Washington State, 168 U s' 124- 
Hodgson V. Vermont, 168 U. S., 262; Nobles v. Georgia, 168 U. S., 398; McHenry 
V. Alford, 168 U.S., 651; Holden v. Hardy, 169U.S.,366; Smyth v. Ames 169U S 
466; Wilson v. North Carolina, 169 U. S., 586; Savings & Loan Society v. Multno- 
mah County, 169 U. S., 421; United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S., 649; Backus 
V. Fort Street Union Depot Co., 169 U. S., 557; Williams v. Mississippi, 170 U S 213- 
Magoun v. Illinois Trust & Savings Bank, 170 U. S. , 283; Williams v. Eggleston 170 
U. S., 304; Tinsley v. Anderson, 171 U. S., 101; King v. Mullins, 171 U. S 404- New 
York V. Roberts, 171 U. S., 658: Meyer v. Richmond, 172 U. S., 82- Blake v Mc 
Clung, 172 U. S., 239; Norwood v. Baker, 172 U. S., 269; Orient Insurance Co v 
Daggs, 172 U.S., 557; Wilson v. Eureka City, 173 U. S., 32; Dewey v. Des Moinesj 
173 U. S., 193; St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway Co. v. Paul, 173 U. S.' 
404; Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Co. v. Smith, 173 U. S.,'684; Cen- 
tral Loan & Trust Co. v. Campbell Commission Co., 173 U. S., 84; Henderson 
Bridge Co. v. Henderson City, 173 U. S., 592; Atchison, Topeka& Santa F6 R R Co 
V. Matthews, 174 U. S., 96; Brown v. New Jersey. 175 U. S., 172; Addyston Pipe and 
Steel Co. V. United States, 175 U. S., 211; Tullis v. Lake Erie & Western R. R. Co., 
175 U.S., 348; Gumming v. Richmond County Board of Education 175 U S 528- 
Bolln V. Nebraska, 176 U. S., 83; Clark v. Kansas City, 176 U. S., 114; Wyerhauesser 
19628—08 4 ^ 



44 CONSTITUTION. 

V. Minnesota, 176 U. S., 550; Maxwell v. Dow, 176 U. ?.. 5$l: Roller v. Holly, 176 
U. S., 398; Adirondack Railway Co. v. New York State, 176 U. S., 335; Petit v. 
Minnesotii, 177 V. S., 164; Grundling r. Chicago, 177 U. S.. 183; Ohio Oil Co. v. 
Indiana, No. 1, 177 U. S., 190; Louisville <t Nashville R. R. Co. v. Schmidt, 177 
U. S.,230; Saranac Land & ThnberCo. r. Coniptrollerof New York, 177 U.S., 318; 
Carter r. Texas, 177 U.S., 442; L'Hote v. New Orleans, 177 U. S., 587; Waters- 
Pierce Oil Co. V. Texas, 177 U. S., 28; Taylor et al. r. Beckham (No. 1),17S U.S., 
548; Sully et al. v. American National Bank, 178 U. S., 289; Wheeler et als. v. N. 
Y., N. H. & Hartford R. R., 178 U. S.. 321; American Sugar Refining Co. v. Lou- 
isiana, 179 U.S., 89; New York State r. Barker (No. 1), 179 U. S.,279; Williams r. 
Fears, 179U.S., 270; Wisconsin, Minnesota and Pacific Railroad r. Jacobson,179 
U. S., 287; Mason v. Missouri. 179 U. S., 328; McDonald i'. Massachusetts, 180 U. S.. 
311; W. W. Cargill Co. i'. Minnesota, 180 U. S.,452; French v. Barber Asphalt Paving 
Co., 181 U. S., 324; Wight v. Davidson, 181 U. S., 371; Tonawanda v. Lyon, 181 U. S.. 
389; Webster r. Fargo, 181 U.S. ,394; Farrell c. West Chicago Park Commissioners, 
181 U. S., 404; Red River Valk y Bank v. Craig, 181 U. S., 5-18; Mallctt r. North Caro- 
lina, 181 U. S., .x89; Simon i: Craft, 182 U. S., 427;Cotting r. Kansas City Stock Yards 
Company and the State of Kansas, 183 U. S., 79; Storti v. Mas.sachu.setts, 183 U. S., 
138; Orr r. Oilman, 183 U. S., 278; Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad 
Co. V. Reynolds, 183 U. S., 471; Louisville A Niushville Railroad Co. v. Kentucky, 

183 U. S., 471; Nutting r. Mas.sachu.setts, 183 U. S., 553; McChord v. Louisville <fc 
Nashville Railroad Co., 183 U. S.. 483; King r. Portland City. 184 U. S..61; Clark 
r. Titusville. 184 U. S., 329; Booth r. Illinois, 184 U. S., 425; Goodrich r. Detroit, 

184 U. S., 432; » •• St. Louis Consolidated Coal Co. i-. Illinois, 1S5 U. S., 20;?; 

< Fidelity Mutual Life Assfvcialion r. Mettler, 185 U. S., 308; * Travelers' Insur- 
ance Co. V. Connecticut, 185 U. S., 364; « Swafford r. Tenipletonj 185 U. S., 487; 
3 Turpin v. Lemon. 187 U. S.. 51; » Dreyer v. Illinois. 187 U. S., 71; « Reid v. Colo- 
rado, 187 U. S., 137; s Fidelity & Deposit Co. v. Maryland, 187 U. S.. 315; * Chad- 
wiik V. Kelley. 187 U. S., 5^10; ^ Otis r. Parker, 187 U. S., COG; - Diamond Glue Co. 
1'. U. S. Glue Co., 187 U. S., 611; * Billings ?•. Illinois, 188 U. S., 97; -' Blackstone v. 
Miller. 188 U. S., 189; » * Hooker v. Los Angeles. 188 U. S.. 314; » Louisville, etc., 
Ferry Co. r. Kentucky. 188 U. S.. 399; » Williams v. Parker, 188 U. S.. 491; a Reetz 
r. Michigan. 188 U. S., 605; * Kidd v. Alabama, 188 U. S., 730; » Glidden f. Har- 
rington, 189 U. S., 255; < Farmers', &o., Ins. Co. r. Dabney. 189 U. S., 301; * Detroit, 
&c., R>-. 1'. O-sbom, 189 U. S.. 383; a Patterson r. Biirk Eudora, 190 U. S., 169; 
» * Howard t'. Fleming, 191 U. S., 126; » Joplin v. Light Co., 191 U. S., 150; 3 < Mis- 
souri V. Dockerj-, 191 U. S., 165; •■» < Atkin r. Kansa-s, 191 U. S,, 207; 'Hibben v. 
Smith, 191 U. S., 310; •''« Board of Assessors v. Comptoir National. 191 U. S., 388; 
3<Arbuckle v. Blackburn. 191 U. S., 405; »Cronin v. Adams, 192 U. S., 108; 
3 * Stanislaus County v. San Joaquin C. A I. Co., 192 U. S., 201; * Rogers i'. Ala- 
bama. 192 U. S., 226; 3 •« Adams v. New York, 192 U. S., 585; » Minneapolis & St. 
Louis R. R. Co. V. Minnesota. 193 U. S.. 53; 3 Leigh r. Green. 193 U. S., 79; 
3 Great Southern Hotel Co. r. Jones, 193 U. S., 532; sxewburyport Water Co. v. 
Newburyport, 193 U. S., 561; 'Pope r. Williams, 193 U. S., 621; •'< H'incinnati 
Street Railway Co. v. Sncll, 193 U. S., 30; -3< Rippey v. Texa.s, 193 U. S., 504; 

< Lloyd V. Dollison, 194 U. S., 445; * Mi.ssouri, Kansas ifc Texas R. R. v. May, 194 
U. S., 267; a * Field v. Barber Asphalt Co., 194 U. S., 618; s t Fischer v. St. Louis, 
194 U. S.. 361; 3 Pacific Electric Ry. Co. r. Los Angeles, 194 U. S.. 112; a West v. 
Loui.siana, 194 U. S., 258; » Shepard r. Bnrron, 194 U. S., 5.53; United States v. Sing 
Tuck. 194 U.S., 161; -^Bradley r. Lightcap. 195 U.S., 1; 3 Helena Watcy Works Co. 
r. Helena, 185 U. S., 383; » Seattle i-. Kelleher, 185 U. S., 351; » Dobbins v. Los 
Angeles, 185 U. S., 223; 3 Aikens v. Wisconsin, 195 U. S., 194; sQl-sen v. Smith, 195 



CONSTlTUTIOlSr. 45 

/' 

U. S., 332; ^National Exchange Bank v. Wiley, 195 U. S., 257; s Hodge ■«. Mus- 
catine County, 196 U. S., 276; scorry V. Mayor and Council of Baltimore, 196 
U. S., 466; 3 Scottisli Union & National Insurance Co. v. Bowland, 196 U. S., 611; 
4Cookv. Marshall County, 196 U. S., 261; ^Coulter v. Louisville & Nashville 
R. R. Co., 196 U. S., 599; sSmiley v. Kansas, 196 U. S., 447; s Dawson v. Columbia 
Trust Co., 197 U. S., 178; sKehrer v. Stewart, 197 U. S., 60; 3 4 National Cotton 
Oil Co. v. Texas, 197 U. S., 115; sDallemagne v. Moisan, 197 U. S., 169; sNew 
Orleans Gas Co. v. Drainage Commission, 197 U. S., 453; ^ Louisville & Nashville 
R. R. Co. V. Asphalt Co., 197 U. S,, 430; 234jacobson v. Massachusetts, 

197 U. S., 11; a Iron Cliffs Co. v. Negaunee Iron Co., 197 U. S., 463; i Matter of 
Heff (Indian), 197 U. S., 488; 3 Muhlker v. New York & Harlem R. R. Co., 197 
U. S., 544; 3 Lochner v. New York, 198 U. S., 45; 3 Clark v. Nash, 198 U. S., 361; 
3 Cunnius v. Reading School Districtj 198 U. S., 458; ^ Delaware, L., &c., R. R. Co. 
V. Pennsylvania, 198 TJ. S., 311; 3 Savannah, Thunderbolt, &c.,Ry. v. Savannah, 

198 U. S., 392; * Ah Sin v. Wittman, 198 U. S., 500; 3 4 Minnesota Iron Co. v. 
Kline, 199 U. S., 593; 3 Carroll v. Greenwich Insurance Co., 199 U. S., 401; 
3 4 Metropolitan Street Ry. Co. v. New York, 199 U. S., 1; 3 Rogers v. Peck, 199 
U. S., 425; 3 4 Lieberman v. Van De Carr, 199 U. S., 552; 3 Jack v. Kansas, 199 
U. S., 372; 3 Farrell v. O'Brien, 199 U. S., 89; 3 Kies v. Lowrey, 199 U. S., 233; 
3 Marvin v. Trout, 199 U. S., 212; 3 Union Transit Co. v. Kentucky, 199 U. S., 194; 
* Gardner v. Michigan, 199 U. S., 325; 2 jack ■;;. Kansas, 199 U. S., 372; 3 Mani- 
gault V. Springs, 199 U. S., 473; 3 Gardner v. Michigan, 199 U. S., 325; s Reduction 
Co. V. Sanitary Reduction Works, 199 U. S., 306; 3 strickley v. Highland Boy 
Mining Co., 200 U. S., 527; * Chicago, B. & Q. Co. v. Drainage Commissioners, 
200 U. S., 561; 3 Carfer v. Caldwell, 200 U. S., 293; « * Howard v. Kentucky, 200 
U. S., 164; 3 Waterworks Company v. Owensboro, 200 U. S., 88; * Martin v. Texas, 
200 U. S., 316; * Armour Packing Co. v. Lacy, 200 U. S., 226; * Campbell v. Cali- 
fornia, 200 U. S., 87. ■ 

Section 2. Eepresentatives shall be apportioned among the 
several States according to their respective numbers^, counting 
the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians 
not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the 
choice of electors for President and Vice President of the 
United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and 
Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature 
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, 
being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United 
States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in 
rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein 
shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such 
male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
twenty-one years of age in such State. 

MePherson v. Blacker, 146 U. S., 1. 



46 CONSTITUTION. 

Section 3, No person shall be a Senator or Representative 
in Conoress, or elector of President and Vice President, or 
hold an}' office, civil or military, under the United States, or 
under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a 
member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or 
as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or 
judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion 
aoainst the same, or jjfiven aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. 
But Cono-ress mav, l)v a vote of two-thirds of each House, 
remove such disability. 

Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United 
States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for pay- 
ment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing 
insurrection or re))elli()n. shall nt)tbe questioned. But neither 
the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any dc-l)t 
or obligation incurred in .lid of insurrection m- rdx-Ilioii 
against the United States, or any claim for the loss or cinan- 
cipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims 
shall be held illegal and void. 

Section 5. The Congress shall ha\»' power to enforci'. by 
appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. 



coisrsTiTUTioisr. 47 



ARTICLE XV. 



«• 



Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to 
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or 
by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition 
of servitude. 

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this 
article by appropriate legislation. 

United States v. Reece et al., 92 U. S., 214; United States v. Cruikshank et al., 
92 U. S., 542; Ex parte Yarborough, 110 U. S., 651; Neal v. Delaware, 103 U. S., 
370; United States v. Waddell et al., 112 U. S., 76; McPherson v. Blacker, 146 
U. S., 1; James v. Bowman, 190 U. S., 127. 

* The fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to 
the legislatures of the several States by the Fortieth Congress on the 27th of February, 
1869, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated March 30, 1870, 
to have been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-nine of the thirty-seven States. The 
dates of these ratifications (arranged in the order of their reception at the Department 
of State) were: From North Carolina, March 5, 1869; West Virginia, March 3, 1869; Mas- 
sachusetts, March 9-12, 1869; Wisconsin, March 9, 1869; Maine, March 12, 1869; Louisiana, 
March 5, 1869; Michigan, March 8, 1869; South Carolina, March 16, 1869; Pennsylvania, 
March 26, 1869; Arkansas, March 30, 1869; Connecticut, May 19, 1869; Florida, June 15, 
1869; Illinois, March 5, 1869; Indiana, May 13-14, 1869; New York, March 17-April 14, 
1869 (and the legislature of the same State passed a resolution January 5, 1870, to with- 
draw its consent to it); New Hampshire, July 7, 1869; Nevada, March 1, 1869; Vermont. 
October 21, 1869; Virginia, October 8, 1869; Missouri, January 10, 1870; Mississippi, Jan- 
uary 15-17, 1870; Ohio, January 27, 1870; Iowa, February 3, 1870; Kansas, January 18-19, 
1870; Minnesota, February 19, 1870; Rhode Island, January 18, 1870; Nebraska, February 
17, 1870; Texas, February 18, 1870. The State of Georgia also ratified the amendment 
February 2, 1870. 



RATIFICATIO.NS OF THE CONSTITUTION. 



The Constitution was adopted by a Convention of the States 
September 17, 1787, and was subsequently ratified by the sev- 
eral States, in the followino; order, viz: 

Delaware, December 7, 1787. 

Pennsylvania, December 12. 1787. 

New Jersey, December 18, 1787. 

Georgia, Jaiuiary 2, 1788. 

Connecticut, January 9, 1788. 

Massachusetts, February 0, 1788. 

Maryland, April 28, 1788. 

South Carolina, May 23, 1788. 

New Hampshire, June 21, 1788. 

Virginia, June 26. 1788. 

New York, July 26. 1788. 

North Carolina, November 21. 1789. 

Rhode Island, May 211, 1790. 

The State of Vermont, by convention, ratitied the Constitu- 
tion on the 10th of January, 1791, and was, by an act of Con- 
gress of the 18th^of February, 1791, "received and admitted 
into this Union as a new and entire member of the United 
States of America." 

48 



RATIFICATIONS OF THE AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTI 

TUTION. 



The first ten of the preceding articles of amendment, (with 
two others which were not ratified by the requisite number of 
States,) were submitted to the several State Legislatures by a 
resolution of Congress which passed on the 25th of September, 
1789, at the first session of the First Congress, and was rati- 
fied by the Legislatures of the following States: 

New Jersey, November 20, 1789. 

Maryland,' December 19, 1789. 

North Carolina, December 22, 1789. 

South Carolina, January 19, 1790. 

New Hampshire, January 25, 1790. 

Delaware, January 28, 1790. 

Pennsylvania, March 10, 1790. 
■ New York, March 27, 1790. 

Rhode Island, June 15, 1790. 

Vermont, November 3, 1791. 
.'Virginia, December 15, 1791. 

The acts of the Legislatures of the States ratifying these 
amendments were transmitted by the governors to the Presi- 
dent, and by him communicated to Congress. The Legisla- 
tures of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Georgia, do not 
appear by the record to have ratified them. 

The eleventh article was submitted to the Legislatures of 
the several States by a resolution of Congress passed on the 
5th of March, 1794, at the first session of the Third Congress; 
and on the 8th of January, 1798, at the second session of the 
Fifth Congress, it was declared by the President, in a message 

49 



50 CONSTITUTION. 

to the two Houses of Congress, to have been adopted by the 
Legislatures of three-fourths of the States, there being at that 
time sixteen States in the Union. 

The twelfth article was submitted to the Legislatures of the 
several States there being then seventeen States, by a resolu- 
tion of Congress, passed on the 12th of December, 1803, at 
the first session of the Eiohth Congress : and was ratified bv 
the Legislatures of three-fourths of the States, in 1804, accord- 
ing to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated the 25th 
of September, 1804. 

The thirteenth article was submitted to the Lesfislatures of 
the several States, there being then tliirty-six States, by a 
resolution of Congress passed on the 1st of February, 1865, 
at the second session of the Thirtv-eijjfhth Conorcss, and was 
ratified, according to a proclamation of tlio Secretary of State 
dated December 18, 18G5, by the Legislatures of the following 
States: 

Illinois, February 1, 1865. 

Rhode Island, February 2, 1865. 

Michigan, February 2, 1865. 

Marj'land, February 3, 1865. 

New York, February 3, 1865. 

West Virginia, February 3. 1865. 

Maine, February 7, 1865. 

Kansas, Fcbruar}'- 7, 186.'>. 

Massachusetts, February 8, 1865. 

Pennsylvania, February 8, 1865. 

Virginia, February 9, 1865. 

Ohio, February 10, 1865. • 

Missouri, February 10, 1865. 

Indiana, February 16, 1865. 

Nevada, February 16, 1865. 

Louisiana, February 17, 1865. 

Minnesota, February 23, 1865. 

Wisconsin, March 1, 1865. 

Vermont, March 9, 1865. 



CONSTITUTION. 51 

Tennessee, April 7, 1865. 

Arkansas, April 20, 1865. 

Connecticut, May 5, 1865. 

New Hampshire, July 1, 1865. 

South Carolina, November 13, 1865. 

Alabama, December 2, 1865. 

North Carolina, December 4, 1865. 

Georgia, December 9, 1865. 

The following States not enumerated in the proclamation of 
the Secretary of State also ratified this amendment: 

Oregon, December 11, 1865. 

California, December 20, 1865. 

Florida, December 28, 1865. 

New Jersey, January 23, 1866. 

Iowa, January 24, 1866, 

Texas, February 18, 1870. 

The fourteenth article was submitted to the Legislatures of 
the several States, there being then thirty-seven States, by a 
resolution of Congress passed on the 16th of June, 1866, at the 
first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress; and was ratified, 
according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated 
July 28, 1868, by the Legislatures of the following States: 

Connecticut, June 30, 1866. 

New Hampshire, July 7, 1866. 

Tennessee, July 19, 1866. , 

* New Jersey, September 11, 1866. 
t Oregon, September 19, 1866. 
Vermont, November 9, 1866. 
New York, January 10, 1867. 

X Ohio, January 11, 1867. t 

Illinois, January 15, 1867. 

West Virginia, January 16, 1867. 

Kansas, January 18, 1867. 

* New Jersey withdrew her consent to the ratification in April, 1868. 
t Oregon withdrew her consent to the ratification October 15, 1868. 
tOhio withdrew her consent to the ratification in January, 1868. 



52 CONSTITUTION. 

Maine, Jimnary 19, 1867. 
Nevada, January 22, 1867. 
Missouri, January 26, 1867. 
Indiana, January 29, 1867. 
Minnesota, February 1, 1867. 
Rhode Island, February 7, 1867. 
Wisconsin, February 13, 1867. 
Pennsylvania, Februarv 13, 1867. 
Michigan, February 15, 1867. 
Massachusetts, March 20, 1867. 
Nebraska, June 15, 1867. 
Iowa, April 3, 1868. 
Arkansas, April 6, lfS08. 
Florida, June 9, 1868. 

* North Carolina, July 4, 1868. 
Louisiana, July 9, 1868. 

* South Carolina, July 9, 1868. 
Alabama, July 13, 1868. 

* Georgia, July 21, 1868. 

*The State of Virginia ratitied this aniciidnicnt on the 8th 
of October, 1869, subsequent to the dati' of the proclamation 
of the Secretary of State. 

The States of Delawan\ Maryland, Kentucky, and Texas 
rejected the amendment. 

The fifteenth article was submitted to the Legislatures of 
the several States, there l)eing then thirty-seven States, by a 
resolution of Congress passed on the 27th of February. 186'.>, 
at the first session of the Forty-first Congress; and was 
ratified, according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State 
dated March 30, 1870, l)y the Legislatures of the following 
States : 

Nevada, March 1, 1869. 

West A^irginia, ]Mareh o, 1861». 

North Carolina, ]\larch 5, 1869. 



* North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia had previously 
rejected the amenduieut. 



OOlSrSTITUTION. 53 

Louisiana, March 5, 1869. 
Illinois, March 5, 1869. 
Michigan, March 8, 1869. 
Wisconsin, March 9, 1869. 
Massachusetts, March 12, 1869. 
Maine, March 12, 1869. 
South Carolina, March 16, 1869. 
Pennsylvania, March 26, 1869. 
Arkansas, March 30, 1869. 

* New York, April 14, 1869. 
Indiana, IN^ay 14, 1869. 
Connecticut, May 19, 1869. 
Florida, June 15, 1869. 

New Hampshire, July 7, 1869. 

Virginia, October 8, 1869. 

Vermont, October 21, 1869. 

Alabama, November 24, 1869. 

Missouri, January 10, 1870. 

Mississippi, January 17, 1870. 

Rhode Island, January 18, 1870. 

Kansas, January 19, 1870. 

t Ohio, January 27, 1870. 

Georgia, February 2, 1870. 

Iowa, February 3, 1870. 

Nebraska, February 17, 1870. 

Texas, February 18, 1870. 

Minnesota, February 19, 1870. 

X The State of New Jersey ratified this amendment on the 
21st of February, 1871, subsequent to the date of the procla- 
mation of the Secretary of State. 

The States of California, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, 
Oregon, and Tennessee rejected this amendment. 

* New York withdrew her consent to the ratification January 5, 1870. 
fOhio had previously rejected the amendment May 4, 1869. 

J New Jersey had previously rejected the amendment. 



ANALYTICAL INDEX 



TO THE 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 



AND THE 

AMENDMENTS THERETO. 



• ■ A. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Abridged. The privileges or immunities of citizens of the 

United States shall hot- be. [Amendments] 14 1 - 41 

Absent members, in such manner and under such penalties 
as it may provide. Each House is authorized to 

compel the attendance of 15 15 

Accounts of receipts and expenditures of public money 
shall be published from time to time. A statement 

of the 19 7 15 

Accusation. In all criminal prosecutions the accused 
shall be informed of the cause and nature of the. 

[Amendments] 6 - - 36 

Accused shall have a speedy public trial. In all criminal 

prosecutions the. [Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall be tried by an impartial jury of the State 
and district where the crime was committed. 

[Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall be informed of the nature of the accusation. 

[Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall be confronted with the witnesses against 

him. [Amendments] i 6 - - 36 

He shall have compulsory process for obtaining wit- 
nesses in his favor. [Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

[Amendments] *. 6 - - 36 

55 



56 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Actions at common law involving over twenty dollars 

shall be tried by jury. [Amendments] 7 - - 36 

Acts, records, and judicial proceedings of another State. 
Full faith and (Credit shall be given in each State to 

the 4 1 - 27 

Congress shall pre.'=cril)e the manner of proving such 

acts, records, and proceedings 4 1 - L'9 

Adjourn from day to day. A smaller nuniljer than a 

quorum of each House may 1 ^ 1 5 

Adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place 
than that in which they shall be sitting. Neither 
House shall, during the session of Congress, with- 
out the consent of the other 15 4 6 

Adjournment, the President may adjourn them to such 
time as he shall think proper. In case of disagree- 
ment between the two Houses as to 2 3 - 22 

Admiralty ani] maritime jurisdiction. The judicial j)Ower 

shall extend to all cases of 3 2 1 23 

Aduiitted by the Congress into tins Union, but no new 
State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdic- 
tion of any other State. New States may be 4 3 1 29 

Nor shall any State l)e forincd by the junction of two 
or more States, or parts of States, without the con- 
sent of the legislatures and of Congress 4 3 1 29 

Adoption of the Constitution shall be valid. All debts 
and engagements contracted by the Confederation 
and before the 6-1 30 

Advice and consent of the Senate. The President shall 

have power to make treaties by and with the 2 2 2 21 

To appoint ambassadors or other public ministers and 

consuls by and with the 2 2 2 22 

To appoint all other officers of the Tnitcd States not 
herein otherwise provided for by and with the 2 2 2 22 

Ajfirmation. Senators sitting to try impeachments shall 

be on oath or 13 6 4 

To be taken by the President of the United States. 

Form of the oath or 2 1 7 21 

No warrants shall be i.«sued but upon probable cause 

and on oath or. [Amendments] 4 - - 34 

To support the Constitution. Senators and Repre- 
sentatives, members of State legislatures, executive 
and judicial officers, both State and Federal, shall 
be bound bv oath or 6 - 3 31 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTIOlSr. 57 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Age. No person shall be a Representative who shall not 

have attained twenty-five years of 1 2 2 3 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have 

attained thirty years of 13 3 4 

Agreement or compact with another State without the con- 
sent of Congress. No State shall enter into any .. 1 10 3 19 

Aid and comfort. Treason against the United States shall 
consist in levying war against them, adhering to 
their enemies, and giving them 3 3 1 26 

Alliance or confederation. No State shall enter into any 

treatyof , 1 10 1 15 

Ambassadors, or other public ministers and consuls. The 

President may appoint 2 2 2 22 

The judicial power of the United States shall extend 
to all cases affecting '3 2 1 23 

Amendments to the Constitution. Whenever two-thirds 
of both Houses shall deem it necessary, Congress 

shall propose 5 - - 30 

To the Constitution. On application of the legisla- 
tures of two-thirds of the States, Congress shall 

call a convention to propose 5 - - 30 

Shall be valid when ratified by the legislatures of or 
by conventions in three-fourths of the States 5 - - 30 

Answer for a capital or infamous crime unless on present- 
ment of a grand jury. No person shall be held to. 

[Amendments] 5 - - 34 

Except in cases in the land or naval forces, or in the 
militia when in actual service. [Amendments] ... 5 - - 34 

Appellate jurisdiction both as to law and fact, with such 
exceptions and under such regulations as Congress 
shall make. In what cases the Supreme Court 
shall have 3 2 2 26 

Application of the legislature or the executive of a State. 
The United States shall protect each State against 
invasion and domestic violence on the 4 4 - 29 

Application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the States, 
Congress shall call a convention for proposing 
amendments to the Constitution. On the 5 - - 30 

Appointment of officers and authority to train the militia 

reserved to the States, respectively 1 8 16 12 

Of such inferior ofiicers as they may think proper in 
the President alone. Congress may by law vest 
the 2 2 2 22 



58 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Set-. CI. PoRe. 

Appointment in the courts of law or in the heads of Depart- 
ments. Congress may by law vest the 2 2 2 22 

Apportionment of representation and direct taxation 
among the several States. Provisions relating to 
the. [Amended liy .sec. 2 of 14th amendment, on 

page 46] 1 2 3 3 

Of Representatives among t|ie several States. Pro- 
visions relating to the. [Amendments] 14 2 - 45 

Appropriate legiMation. Congress sliall have power to 
make all laws necessary and proper for carrying 
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other 
powers vested l)y the Constitution in the Govern- 
ment of the United States, or in any department or 

officer thereof 1 8 18 13 

Congress shall have power to enforce tlie thirteenth 

article, prohibiting slavery, by. [Amendments].. 13 2- 40 
Congress shall have power to enforce the provisions 

of the fourteenth article by. [Aniendments] 14 5 - 46 

Congress shall have power to enforce the provisions 

of the fifteenth article by. [Amendments] 15 2 47 

Appropriation of money for raising and supporting armies 

shall be for a longer term than two years. But no. 1 8 12 12 

Appropriations made by law. No money shall be drawn 

from the Treasury but in consequence of 1 9 7 15 

Approve and sign a bill before it shall become a law. The 

President shall 1 7 2 6 

He shall return it to the lIou.«e in which it origi- 
nated, with his objections, if he do not 17 2 6 

Armies, but no appropriation for that use shall be for a 
longer term than two years. Congress shall have 
power to raise and support 1 8 ,12 12 

Annies. Congress shall make rules for the government 

and regulation of the land and naval forces 1 8 14 12 

Anns. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the 
security of a free State, the right of the people to 
keep and bear. [Amendments] 2 - - 33 

Arrest during their attendance at the session of their re- 
spective Houses, and in going to and returning 
from the same. Members shall in all cases, pxcept 
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi- 
leged from 1 6 1 6 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 59 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Arsenals. Congress shall exercise exclusive authority 

over all places purchasfjd for the erection of 1 8 17 13 

Articles exported from any State. Nontax or duty shall 

be laid on 1 9 5 14 

Arts by securing to authors and inventors their patent 
rights. Congress may promote the progress of 
science and the useful 1 8 8 11 

Assistance of counsel for his defense. In all criminal 
prosecutions the accused shall have the. [Amend- 
ments] 6 - - 36 

Assumption of the debt or obligations incurred in aid of 
rebellion or insurrection against the United States. 
Provision against the. [Amendments] 14 4 - 46 

Attainder or ex post facto law shall he passed. No bill of. 1 9 3 14 

Attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obliga- 
tion of contracts. No State shall pass any bill of. . 1 10 1 15 

Attainder of treason shall not work corruption of blood or 
forfeiture, except during the life of the person 
attained 3 3 2 27 

Authors and inventors the exclusive right to their writ- 
ings and inventions. Congress shall have power 
to secure to 1 8 8 11 

B. 

Bail. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive 
fines nor cruel and unusual punishments imposed. 
[Amendments] 8 - - 37 

Ballot for Pre-ident and Vice-President. The electors 

shall vote by. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

Ballot. If no person have a majority of the electoral votes 
for President and Vice-President, the House of Rep- 
resentatives shall immediately choose the President 
- by. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

Bankruptcies. Congress shall have power to pass uniform 

laws on the subject of 1 8 4 11 

Basis of representation among the several States. Pro- 
visions relating to the. [Amendments] 14 2 - 45 

Bear arms shall not be infringed. A well-regulated mili- 
tia being necessary to the security of a free State, 
the right of the people to keep and. [Amend- ^ 

ments] -.. : 2 - - 33 

Behavior. The judges of the Supreme and inferior courts 

shall hold their offices during good 3 1 - 23 

19628—08 5 

* 



60 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. PI. Paijre. 

J?(7/ of attainder or «• ;30s/ /<«do law shall be passed. No. 1 9 ^14 

Bill of attainder, ex pust fuclo law, or law impairing the 

obligation of contracts. No State shall pass any.. 1 10 1 15 

J?(7//< of credit. No State shall emit 1 10 1 15 

Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 

Representatives. All 1 7 1 6 

Bills which have passed the Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives shall, before they become laws, be pre- 
sented to the Pre.«ident 1 7 2 G 

If he approve, he .shall sign them; if he disapprove, 
he shall return them, with his objections, to that 

House in which they originated 1 7 2 (1 

Upon the reconsideration of a bill returned by the 

President, with his objections, if two-thirds of each 

House agree to pass the same, it shall become a law. 17 2 7 

Upon the reconsideration of a liill returned liy the 

President, the question shall be taken by yeas and 

nays 1 7 2 7 

Not returned by the President within ten days (Sun- 
days excepted) shall, unless Congress adjourn, 
become laws 1 7 2 7 

r,(,rr(»r money on the credit of the T^nite«l States. Con- 
gress shall have power to 1 8 2 S 

Bmmties and pensions, shall not l)e questioned. Tlie va- 
liility of the public debt incurred in suppressing 
insurrection and rebellion against thelnited States, 
including the debt for. [Amendments] 14 4 - 4(1 

Breach of the peace, shall be ]»rivileged from arrest while 
attending the ses.«ion, and in going to and return- 
ing from the same. Senator.'^ and Representatives, 
except for treiison, felony, and 1 <» 1 U 

Briherii, or other high crimes and mis<iemeanors. The 
President, Vice-Pre.-iilent, and all civil oflicers shall 
be removed on impeachment f<iran<l convictinn of 
treason 2 4 - 22 

C. 

Capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on indictment 
of a grand jury, excei)t in certain specifietl <a.«es. 
No person shall l)e heUl to answer for a. [Amend- 
ments] 5 - - 34 



INDEX TO' CONSTITUTION". 61 

Art. Sec. CI. Page, 

Capitation or other direct tax. shall be laid unless in pro- 
portion to the census ^- enumeration. No 19 4 14 

Captures on land and water. Congress shall make rules 

concerning 1 8 11 12 

Casting vote.' The Vice-President shall have no vote un- 
less the Senate be equally divided 1 3 4 4 

Census or enumeration of the inhabitants shall be made 
within three years after the first meeting of Con- 
gress, and within every subsequent term of ten 
years thereafter . .' 1 2 3 3 

Censits or enumeration. No capitation or other direct tax 

shall be laid except in proportion to the 1 9 4 14 

Chief Jttsiice shall preside when the President of the United 

States is tried upon impeachment. The 1 3 6 4 

Choosing the electors and the day on which they shall give 
their votes, which shall be the same throughout the 
United States. Congress may determine the time 
of 2 1 3 20 

Citizen of the United States at the adoption of the Consti- 
tution shall be eligible to the office of President. 
No person not a natural born 2 1 4 20 

Citizen of the United States. No person shall be a Sena- 
tor who shall not have attained the age of thirty 

years, and been nine years a 13 3 4 

No person shall be a Representative who shall not 
have attained the age of twenty-five years, and 
been seven years a 12 2 3 

Citizenship. Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all 
the privileges and immunities of citizens of the 

several States 4 2 1 28 

All persons born or nat;uralized in the United States, 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens 
of the United States and of the State in which they 

reside. [Amendments] 14 1 - 41 

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall 
abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of 

the United States. [Amendments] ., 14 1 - 4i 

Nor shall any State deprive any person of life, lib- 
erty, or pi'operty without due process of law. 

[Amendments] 14 1 _ 41 

Nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the 
equal protection of the laws. [Amendments] , . . . 14 1 - 41 



62 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page 

Citizeni< or subjects of a foreign State. The judicial power 
of the United States shall not extend to suits in 
law or equity brought against one of the States by 
thecitizensof anotherState, orby. [Amendments]. 1! - - 38 

C'ivU ofticrrs <<i the United States shall, on impeachment 
for and conviction of trca.-^on, l>ribery, and other 
hisih crimes and misdemeanors, be removed. All. 2 4 - 22 

Claims of the United States or any particular State in the 
territory or public property. Nothing in this 
Constitution shall- Ijc construed to prejudice 4 3 2 29 

Classijicalion of Senators. Immediately after they shall 
be assembled after the first election they shall be 

divided as equally as may be into three clas.«es 1 3 2 4 

The seat.s of the Senators of the first class shall l)e va- 
cated at the expiration of the second year 1 3 2 4 

The seats of the Senators of the second class at the 

expiration of the fourth year 13-1 

The seats of the Senators of the third class at the 
expiration of the sixth year 1 3 2 1 

Coin a tender in payment of debts. No State shall make 

anything but giild and silver 1 K' 1 1-^ 

Coin money and regulate the value thereof and of foreiirn 

coin. Congress shall have power to 1 8 5 11 

Coin of theUnited States. Congress shall i)rovide fur jiun- 

ishing the counterfeiting the securities and cm-rent. 1 8 fi 11 

Color, or previous conditions of servitude. The right of 
citizens of the United States to vote shall not be 
denied or abridged by the United States or by any 
State on account of race. [A mendments] lo 1 - 47 

Comfort. Treason again.st the United States shall consist 
in levying war against them, and giving their ene- 
mies aid and 3 3 1 26 

Commander in Chief of the Army an<l Navy, and of the 
militia when in actual service. The I'resident 
shall be 2 2 1 2! 

Commerce with foreign nations, among the States, and 
with Indian tribes. Congress shall have power to 
regulate 18 3 8 

Commerce or revenue. No preference shall be given to the 
ports of one State over those of another by any 

regulation of 1 9 6 14 

Vessels clearing from the ports of one State shall not 
pay duties in those of another 1 9 G 14 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTIOlSf, 63 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Commissions to expire at the end of the next session. The 
President may fill vacancies that happen in the re- 
cess of the Senate by granting . . ' 2 2 3 22 

Common defense, promote the general welfare, etc. To 

insure the. [Preamble] - _ _ i 

Common defense and general welfare. Congress shall have 

power to provide for the 1 8 1 7 

Common law, where the amount involved exceeds twenty 
dollars, shall be tried by jury. Suits at. [Amend- 
ments] I 7 _ _ 36 

No fact, tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexam- 
ined in any court of the United States than accord- 
ing to the rules of the. [Amendments] 7 - - i36 

Compact with another State. No State shall, without the 

consent of Congress, enter into any agreement or. . 1 10 3 19 

Compact with a foreign power. No State shall, without the 

consent of Congress, enter into any agreement or.. 1 10 3 19 

Compensation of Senators and Representatives to be ascer- 
tained by law 1 6 1 6 

Compensation of the President shall not be increased nor 
diminished during the period for which^ he shall be 
elected '. 2 1 6 21 

Compensation of the judges of the Supreme and inferior 
courts shall not be diminished during their con- 
tinuance in office 3 1 - 23 

Compensation. Private property shall not be taken for 

public use without just, [iimendments] 5 - - 34 

Compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. 
In criminal prosecutions the accused shall have. 
[Amendments] 6 - - 36 

Confederation. No State shall enter into any treaty, al- 
liance, or 1 10 1 15 

Confederation. All debts contracted and engagements en- 
tered into before the adoption of this Constitu- 
tion shall be as valid against the United States 
under it, ag under the. 6 - 1 30 

Confession in open court. Conviction of treason shall be 
on the testimony of two persons to the overt act, 
or upon 3 3 1 27 

Congress of the United States. All legislative powe'rs 

shall be vested in a 1 i _ 2 

Shall consist of a Senate and House of Representa- 
tives 1 1 _ 2 



64 TNDF.X TO C'OXSTITT^TION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Congress shall assemble at \oast once in every year, which 
shall be on the tir.^t Momlay of December, unless 
they by law appoint a different day 14 2 5 

May at any time alter rejiulations for elections of Sen- 
ators and Representatives, except as to the places 
of choosing Senators 1 4 1 o 

Each House shall be the judge <>f the elections, re- 
turns, and qualitications of its own members 15 15 

A majority of each House shall constitute a (|Uoruni 

to tlo business . 15 15 

A smaller number may adjourn from day to day and 
may be authorized to compel the attendance of alv 
sent members 1 5 1 5 

Eacii House may determine the rules of it< pro- 
ceedings, punish its members for di.«orderly be- 
havior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
expel a menibt»r 15 2 5 

Each Huuse shall keep a journal of its proceedings.. 1 5 3 5 

Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, 
without the consent of the other, adjourn for more 
than thrcf days 15 4 6 

Senators and Representatives shall receive a com- 
pensation to be ascertained by law 1 6 1 6 

They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and 
breach of the itcace, be privileged from arrest dur- 
ing attendance at their respective Houses, and in 
going to and returning from the same 1 6 1 (> 

No Senator or Representative shall, during his term, 
be appointed to any civil ntlice which shall have 
heen created, .or of which the emoluments shall 
have been increased, during such term 1 <i 2 6 

No person holding any office under the United States 
shall, while in ofhce, lie a member of either House 
of Congress 1 <> 2 6 

All bills for rtiising revenue shall originate in the 

House of Representatives 1 7 1 (> 

Proceedings in cases of bills returned by the Presi- 
dent with his objections 1 7 2 (j 

Shall have power to lay and collect duties, imposts, 
and excises, pay the debts, and provide for the 
common defense and general welfare 1 8 1 7 

Shall have power to borrow money on the credit of 

. the United States 1 .8 2 8 



6 


11 


7 


11 


8 


11 


9 


12 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 65 

f Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Congress to regulate foreign and domestic commerce, and 

with the Indian tribes 1 8 3 8 

To establish a uniform rule of 'naturalization and . 

uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies 1 8 4 11 

To coin inoney, regulate its value, and the value of 
foreign coin, and to fix the standard of weights and 
measures 1 8 5 11 

To punish the counterfeiting the securities and cur- 
rent coin of the United States 1 8 

To establish post-otficfes and post- roads , 1 8 

To promote the progress of science and the useful 
arts 1 8 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. 1 8 

To define and punish piracies and felonies on the 
high seas, and to punish offenses against the law of 
nations 1 8 10 12 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, 
and make rules concerning captures on land and 
water 1 8 11 12 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of 
money to that use shall be for a longer period than 
two years 1 8 12 12 

To provide and maintain a Navy 1 8 13 12 

To make rules for the government of the Army and 
Navy 1 8 14 12 

To call out the militia to execute the laws, suppress 

^ insurrections, and repel invasions 1 8 15 12 

To provide for organizing, arming, and equipping the 
militia 1 8 16 12 

To exercise exclusive legislation over the District 
fixed for the seat of government, and over forts, 
magazines, arsenals, and dockyards 1 8 17 12 

To make all laws necessary and proper to carry into 
execution all powers vested by the Constitution in 
the Government of the United States 1 8 18 13 

No person holding any office under the United States 
shall accept of any present, emolument, otS.ce, or 
title of any kind from any foi*eign state, without 
the consent of 1 9 8 15 

May determine the time of choosing the electors for 
President and Vice-President and the day on which 
they shall give their votes 2 1 . 3 20 



hC) INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Ai-t. Sec. CI. 1'ni;e. 

(Jongresii. The President may, on extraordinary oora- 

sions, convene either House of _ 8 - 22 

The manner in whic^i the acts, records, and judicial 
proceedings of the States shall be proved, shall be 
prescribed by .>. 4 1 - 27 

New States may be admitted by Congress into this 
Union 4 S 1 29 

Shall have the power to make all needed rules and 
regulations respecting the territory or other prop- 
erty belonging to the United States 4 8 2 29 

Amendments to the Constitution shall be proposed 
whenever it shall be deemed necessary 1\v two- 
thirds of both Houses of o - - 30 

Persons engaged in insurrection or rebellion against 
the United States disqualified for Senators or Rep- 
resentatives in. [Amendments] 14 '^ - 46 

But such disiiualilications may be removed by a vote 

of two-thirds of both Houses of. [Amendments]. 14 3 - 4K 

Shall have power to enforce, by ai>proi)riate legisla- 
tion, the thirteenth amendment. [Amendments]. 18 2-40 

Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legisla- 
tion, the fourteenth amendment. [Ament.'ments] 14 5 - 46 

Shall have power to enforce, by appropriate K'gisla- 

tion, the fifteenth amendment. [Amen Iments] .. l.'i 2 - 47 
VoruieHt. No State shall bi' deprived of its equal suffrage 

in the Senate without its 5 - - 30 

Consent of Congrexs. No person holdinganyoflice of profit 
or trust under the United States shall accept of 
any i>resent, emolument, ollice, or title of any kind 
whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign 
potentate, without the 1 9 8 15 

No State shall lay any impc>.«ts, or duties on imi)ort«, 
excei^t what may be absolutely necessary for exe- 
cuting its inspection laws, without the 1 10 2 1 <s 

No State shall lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops 

or ships of war in time i>f peace, without the 1 10 3 19 

No State shall enter into any agreement or compact 
Avith another State, or with a foreign power, with- 
out the 1 10 3 19 

No State shall engage in war unless actually invaded, 
or in such imminent danger as will not admit of 
delay, without the I 10 3 19 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION". 67 

Art. Sec. 01. Page. 

Consent of Congress. No new State ^hall be formed or 
erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, 
nor any Stiate be formed by the junction of two or 
more States, or parts of States, without the consent 
of the legislatures thereof, as well as the 4 3 1 29 

Consent of the legislature of the State in which the same 
may be. Congress shall exercise exclusive author- 
ity over all places purchased for the erection of 
forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other 
needful buildings by the J • 1 8 17 13 

Consent of the legislatures of the States and of Congress. 
No States shall be formed by the junction of two 
or more States or parts of States without che 4 3 1 29 

Consent of the other. Neither House, during the session of 
Congress, shall adjourn for more than three days, 
nor to any other place than that in which they 
shall be sitting, without the 15 4 6 

Consent of the owner. No soldier shall be quartered in time 
of peace in any house without the. [Amend- 
ments] 3 - - 34 

Consent of the Senate. The President shall have power to 

make treaties, by and with the advice and 2 2 2 21 

The President shall appoint ambassadors, other public 
ministers anc consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, 
and all other o jcers created by law and not other- 
wise herein provided for, by and with the advice and 2 2 2 22 

Constitution, in the Government of the United States or 
in any Department or officer thereof. Congress 
shall have power to pass all laws necessary to the 
execution of the powers vested by the 1 8 18 13 

Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President. 
No person except a natural-born citizen or a citizen 
at the time of adoption of the 2 1 4 20 

Constitution. The President, before he enters upon the 
• execution of his office, shall take an oath to pre- 
serve, protect, and defend the 2 1 7 21 

Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States. The 
judicial power shall extend to ail cases arising under 
the 3 2 1 23 

Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any 
claims of the United States or of any State (in 
respect to territory or other property of the United 
States). Nothing in the 4 3 2 29 



68 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Pufre. 

Constitution. The manner in which amendments may be 

proposed and ratified n - - 30 

Constitution asundertho Confederation .shall be valid. All 
debts and engagements contracted before the 
adoption of the 6 - 1 30 

Constitution and the laws made in purHuance thereof, and 
all treaties made, or wliich shall he made, by the 
United States, shall be the supreme law of the land. 

The --: 6 - 2 30 

The judge.*^ in every State, anything in the constitu- 
tion or laws of a State to the contrary notwithstand- 
ing, shall be bound thereby 6-2 30 

Constitution. All officers, legislative, executive, and judi- 
cial, of the United States, and of the several States, 

shall be bound by an oath to support the 6 - 3 31 

But no religious test shall ever be required a** a 
qualification for any office or public trust 6-3 31 

Constitution between the States so ratifying tlic same The 
ratification of the conventions of nine States shall 
be sufficient for the establi.shmdnt of the 7 - - 31 

GonstitiUioH of certain rights shall not be construed to deny 
or disparage othei"s retained by the people. The 
enumeration in the. [.Vmendments] 9 - - 37 

Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reservetl 
to the State respectively or to the peojile. Powers 
not delegated to the United States by the. [Amend- 
ments] It) - - 37 

Constitution, and then engaged in rebellion against tlu- 
United States. Disqualification for office imposed 
upon certain clas.«e.s of pci-sons who took an oath to 
support the. [Amendment.s] 14 3 - -46 

ConKtlltUion. Done in convention by the unanimous con- 
sent of the States present, September 17, 1787 7-2 31 

Contrarls. No State shall pa."^s any e.v post facto law, or 

law imi)airing the obligation of 1 10 1 In 

(hnlroversies to which the United States shall be a party; 
between two or more States; between a State and 
citizens of another State; between citizens of dif- 
ferent States; between citizens of the same State 
claiming lands under grants of different States; 
between a State or its citizens and foreign s;tates, 
citizens, or subjects. The judicial power shall 
extend to 3 2 1 23 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 69 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Convene Congress or either House, on extraordinary occa- 
sions. The President may 2 3 - 22 

Convention for proposing amendments to the Constitu- 
tion. Congress, on the application of two-thirds 
of the legislatures of the States, may call a 5 - - 30 

Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States pres- 
ent on the 17th of- September, 1787. Adoption of 
the Constitution in 7 - - 31 

Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the estab- 
lishment of the Constitution. The ratification of 
the 7 - - 31 

Conviction in cases of impeachment shall not be had with- 
out the concurrence of two-thirds of the members 
present 13 6 4 

Copyrights to authors for limited times. Congress shall 

have power to. provide for ' 1 8 8 11 

Corruption of blood. Attainder of treason shall not work. 3 3 2 27 

Counsel for his defense. In all criminal prosecutions the 
accused shall have the assistance of. [Amend- 
ments] 6 - - 36 

Counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the 
United States. Congress shall provide for the 
punishment of 1 8 6 11 

Courts. Congress shall have power to constitute tribu- 
nals inferior to the Supreme Court 1 8 9 12 

Courts of law. Congress may by law vest the appoint- 
ment of such inferior officers as they think proper 
in the President alone, in the heads of Depart- 
ments, or in the 2 2 2 22 

Courts as Congress may establish. The judicial power of 
the United States shall be vested in one Supreme 
Court and such inferior 3 1 - 23 

Courts. The judges of the Supreme and inferior courts 

shall hold their offices during good behavior 3 1 - 23 

Their compensation shall not be diminished during • 

their continuance in office 3 1 - 23 

Credit. No State shall emit bills of 1 10 1 15 

Credit of the United States. Congress shall have power 

to borrow money on t^ie ■ 18 2 8 

Credit shall be given in every other State to the public 
acts, records, and judicial proceedings of each State. 
Fullfaithand 4 1 - 27 



70 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Arl. Ser. PI. Page. 

Crime, unless on a presentment of a grand jury. No per- 
son shall be held to answer for a capital or other- 
wise infamous. [Amendments].' 5 - - 34 

Except in ca.ses in the military and naval forces, or in 

themilitia when in actual service. [Amendments] 5 - - :J4 
Crimes and riiUdemeanors. The President, Vice-President, 
and all civil oflficers shall be removed on impeach- 
ment for and conviction of trea.«on, bribery, or 

other 2 4 - 22 

Crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall l>e tried by 

jury. All : '. 3 2 S 26 

They shall be tried in the State witliin wliicli tliey 

may be committed 3 2 3 26 

When not committed in a State, they shall be tried 
at the places which Congress may by law have pro- 
vided 3 2 3 26 

Criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have a speedy and 
pul)lic trial by jury in the State and district where 
the crime was committed. In all. [Amendments] 6 •- - 36 

He shall be informed <»f the nature and cause of the 
accusation. [Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall be confronted with the witnesses against 
him. [.\mendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall have compulsory process for obtainin-r wit- 
nes.ses in his favor. [Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall have the assistance of counsel in his defense. 

[Amendments] 6 - - 36 

Criminalf ]tim.<<el/. No person as a witness shall be com- 
pelled to. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

Cruel and untisual punishments inflicted. Excessive bail 
shall not be required, nor excessive lines imposed, 
nor. L^^"i6ndments] 8 - - 37 

D. 

hanger as will not admit of delay. No State shall, with- 
out the consent of Congress, engage in war, unless 
actually invaded, or in sm-h imminent 1 10 3 19 

Day on which they shall vote for President and Vice- 
President, which shall be the same throughout the 
United States. Congress may determine the time 
of choosing the electors, and the 2 1 3 20 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 71 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attend- 
ance of absent members. A smaller number than 
a quorum of each House may adjourn from 1 5 1 5 

Death, resignation, or inability of the President, the powers 
and duties of his office shall devolve on the Vice- 
President. In case of the 2 1 5 20 

Death, resignation, or inability of the President. Congress 

may provide by lavv^ for the case of the removal. . . 2 1 5 20 

Debt of the United States, including debts for pensions and 
bounties incurred in suppressing insurrection or 
rebellion, shall not be questioned. The validity of 
the public. [Amendments] 14 4 - 46 

Debts. No State shall make anything but gold and silver 

coin a tender in payment of 1 10 1 15 

Debts and provide for the common defense and general 
welfare of the United States. Congress shall have 
power to pay the 1 8 1 7 

DpMs and engagements contracted before the adoption of 
this Constitution shall be as valid against the United 
States under it as under the Confederation 6 - 1 30 

Debts or obligations incurred in aid of insurrection or 
rebellion against the United States, or claims for 
the loss or emancipation of any slave. Neither 
the United States nor any State shall assume or 
pay any. [Amendments] 14 4 - 46 

Declare wot, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make 
rules concerning captureson land and water. Con- 
gress shall have power to 1 8 11 12 

Defense, promote the general welfare, etc. To insure the 

common. [Preamble] : - - - 1 

Defense and general welfare throughout the United States. 
Congress shall have power to pay the debts and 
provide for the common 18 17 

Defense. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall 
have the assistance of counsel for his. [Amend- 
ments] 6 - - 36 

Delaware entitled to one Representative in the First' Con- 
gress - 1 2 3 3 

Delay. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, 
engage in war unless actually invaded, or in such 
imminent danger as will not admit of 1 10 3 19 



72 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Delegated to the I'^nited States, nor prohibited to the States, 
are reserved to the States or to the people. The 
powers not. [Amendments] 10 - - 37 

Deny or disparage others retained by the people. The 
enumeration in the Constitution of lertain rights 
shall not be construed to. [Amendment*!] 9 - - 37 

Departments upon any subject relating to their duties. 
The President may require the written opinion of 
the principal officers in each of the Executive L' 2 1 21 

Departments. Congress may by law vest the appointment 

of inferior officers in the heads of - '1 - 'I'l 

Direct tax shall l>e laid unless in proportion tu the census 

or enumeration. No capitation or other 1 it 4 14 

Direct taxes and Representatives, how apportioned among 
the several States. [Amended by the second sec- 
tion of the fourteenth amendment, on page 45] ... 1 2 3 3 

Disability of the President and Vice-President. Provi- 
sions in case of the 2 1 5 20 

Disability. No person shall be a Senator or llej)resentati ve 
in Congress, or Presidential elector, or hold any 
office, civil or military, under the I'nited States, or 
any State, who having previously taken an oath as 
a legislative, executive, or judicial officer of the 
United States, or of any State, to support the Con- 
stitution, afterwards engaged in insurrection or re- 
bellion against the I'nited State.s. [Amendments]. 14 3 - 46 
But Congre.^^s may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
House, remove such. [ Amendment*i] 14 3 - 46 

Disagree)nent between the two Houses a.s to the time of 
adjournment, the President may adjourn them to 
such time as he may tiiink proj)er. In case of 2 3 - 22 

Disorderly behavior. Eac-h House may i)unish its members 

for - 1 ^ 2 5 

And with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a 
mend)er 1 •"> 2 5 

Disparage others retained l>y the people. The enumera- 
tion in the Constitution of certain rights shall not 
be construed to deny or. [Amendments] i> - - 37 

Disqualijication. No Senator or Representative shall, dur- 
ing the time for which he waselected, l)eappointed 
to any office under the United States which shall 
have been created or its emoluments increased dur- 
ing such term 1 6 2 6 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 73 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Disqualification. No person holding any office under the 
United States shall be a member of either House 

during his continuance in office . .' 1 6 2 6 

No person shall be a member of either House, Presi- 
dential elector, or hold any office under the United 
States, or any State, who, having previously sworn 
to support the Constitution, afterwards engaged in 

insurrection or rebellion. [Amendmentc] 14 3 - 46 

But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 

House, remove such disability. [Amendments] . . 14 3 - 4f) 

District of Columbia. Congress shall exercise exclusive 

legislation in all cases over the 1 8 17 12 

Dockyards. Congress shall have exclusive authority over 

all places purchased for the erection of 1 8 17 13 

Domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, etc. 

To insure. [Preamble] - - - 1 

Domestic violence. The United States shall protect each i 

State against invasion and 4 4 - 29 

Due process of law. No person shall be compelled, in any 
criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor 
be deprived of life, liberty, or property without. * 

[Amendments] 5 - - 34 

No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or 
property without. [Amendments] 14 1 - 41 

Duties and powers of the office of the President, in case of 
his death, removal, or inability to act, shall devolve 

on the Vice-President 2 1 5 20 

In case of the disability of the President and Vice- 
President, Congress shall declare what officer shall 
act 2 1 5 20 

Duties, imposts, and excises. Congress shall have power 

to lay and collect taxes.. 18 17 

Shall be uniform throughout the United States 1 8 1 7 

Duties shall be laid on articles exported from any State. 

No tax or 1 9 5 14 

Duties in another State. Vessels clearing in the ports of 

one State shall not be obliged to pay 1 9 6 14 

On imports and exports, without the consent of Con- 
gress, except where necessary for executing its 
inspection laws. No State shall lay any 1 10 2 18 

Duties on imports or exports. The net produce of ail such 
duties shall be for the use of the Treasury of the 
United States 1 10 2 18 



74 ' INDEX TO CONSTIIUTION. 

Art. Sec-. CI. Page. 



1 10 2 18 



Dudes on imports or exports. All laws laying sucli duties 
shall be subject to the revision and control of Con- 
gress 

But;/ of 10)010 fjO'whhout the consent of Congress. No State 

shalllayany 1 10 3 19 

E. 

Election of President and \' ice-President. Congress may 

determine the day for the 2 1 '.i 20 

Shall be the same throughout the United States. The 

day of the 2 1 o 20 

Elections for Senators and Representatives. The legisla- 
tures of the States shall i)rescril)e the time, places, 
and manner of holding 14 15 

But Congress may, at any time, alter such regulations, 
except as to the i)laces of choo.>iing Senators 14 15 

Returns and tiualifications of its own mend>ers. 

Each House siiall be judge of the 1 5 1 5 

Electors for members of the House of Representatives. 

Qualifications of 12 12 

Elecl&rs for Pn-sident and Vice-President. Each State 
shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature 
thereof may direct, a numlx'r of electors eijual U> 
the whole number of Senators and Repre.'-entatives 
to which the State may be entitled in the Congress. 2 1 2 19 

But no Senator or Representative or person holding 
an ofBce of trust or profit under the United States 
shall be appointed an elector 2 1 2 19 

Congress juay determine the time of choosing the 
electors and the day on which they shall give their 
votes 2 1 3 20 

^Vhich day shall be the same throughout the United 
States 2 1 8 20 

The electors shall meet in their respective States and 
vote by ballot for President and \'ice-President, 
one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant 
of the same State with themselves. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 
Electors shall name, in their ballots, the person voted 
for as President; and in distinct ballots the person 
voted for as Vice-President. [.Vmendments] 12 - - 39 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 75 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Electors. They shall make distinct lists of the persons 
voted for as President and of persons voted for as 
Vice-President, which they shall sign and certify, 
and transmit sealed to the seat of government, 
directed to the President of the Senate. [Amend- 
ments] 12 - - 39 

JSTo person having taken an oath as a legislative, 
executive, or judicial officer of the United States, 
or of any State, and afterwards engaged in insur- 
rection or rebellion against the United States, shall 

be an elector 1^ 3 - 46 

But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 

House, remove such disability. [Amendments] . . 14 3 - 46 
Emancipation of any slave shall be held to be illegal and 

void. Claims for the loss or. [Amendments] ... 14 4 - 46 

Emit hills of credit. No State shall 1 10 1 15 

Emolument of any kiijd from any king, prince, or foreign 
state, without the consent of Congress. No person 
holding any office under the United States shall 

accept any '. 1 9 8 15 

Enemies. Treason shall consist in levying war against 
the United States, in adhering to or giving aid and 

comfort to their 3 3 1 26 

Engagements contracted before the adoption of this Con- 
stitution shall be valid. All debts and 6 - 1 30 

Enumeration of the inhabitants shall be made within three 
years after the first meeting of Congress, and within 

every subsequent term of ten years thereafter 1 2 3 3 

Ratio of representation not to exceed one for every 
30,000 until the first enumeration shall be made .- 12 3 3 
Enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not 
be construed to deny or disparage others retained 

by the people. The. [Amendments] 9 ~ - 37 

Equal protection of the laws. No State shall deny to any 

person within its jurisdiction the. [Amendments] 14 1 - 41 
Equal suffrage in the Senate. No State shall be deprived 

without its consent of its 5 - - 30 

Establishment of this Constitution between the States rati- 
fying the same. The ratification of nine States 

shall be sufficient for the 7 - - 31 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines im- 
posed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 
[Amendments] , 8 - - 37 

19628—08 6 



76 r^DEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. V&go. 

Excises. Congress shall have power to lay and collect 

taxes, duties, impcsts, and 18 17 

Shall be uniform throughout the United States. All 

duties, imposts, and 18 17 

Exclitsire legislation, in all cases, over such district a^ may 
become the seat of government. Congress shall 
exercise 1 8 17 12 

Exclusive leffislution over all places purchase] for the erec- 
tion of forts, magazines, arsenal.'J, dockyards, and 
other needful buildings. Congress shall exercise. 1 8 17 13 

Executive of a Sate. The United States shall protect each 
State against invasion and domestic violence on the 
application of the legislature or the 4 4 - 29 

Executive a)i(l judicial officers of the United States and of 
the several States shall be bound by an oath to sup- 
port t lie Constitution ») 3 - 31 

Erecutire Deiiartments. On subjects relating to their duties 
the President may reiiuire the written opinions of 

the principal officers in each of the : 2 2 1 21 

Congress may by law vest the appointment of inferior 
officers in the heads of 2 2 2 22 

Eveculive power shall l)e vested in a President of the United 

States of America. The 2 1 1 19 

Ex])el a member. Each House, with the concurrence of 

two-thirils, may 1 5 2 5 

Expenditures of public money shall be published from 
time to time. A regular statement of the receipts 
and 1 9 7 15 

Exportations from any State. No tax or «luty shall be laid 

on 1 9 5 14 

Exports or imports, except upon certain conditions. No 
State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay 

any duties on 1 10 2 18 

Laid by any State shall Ix- for the use of the Treasury. 

The net produce of all duties on 1 10 2 18 

Shall be subject to the revision and control of Con- 
gress. All laws of the States laying duties on 1 10 2 18 

Ex jjostfactolanshaW he passed. No bill of attainder or. . 1 9 3 14 

Ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of con- 
tracts. No State shall [lass any bill of attainder .. 1 10 1 15 

Extraordinary occasions. The President may convene both 

Houses — either House of Congress on 2 3 - 22 



INDEX TO CONSTITTJTIOISr. 77 

F. 

• Art. Sec. 01. Page. 

Faith and credit in each State shall be given to the acts, 
records, and judicial proceedings x)f another State. 
Full 4 1 - 27 

Felony, and breach of peace. Members of Congress shall 

not be privileged from arrest for treason 1 6 1 6 

Felonies committed on the high seas. Congress shall have 

power to define and punish piracies and 1 8 10 12 

Fines. Excessive fines shall not be imposed. [Amend- 
ments] 8 - - 37 

Foreign coin. Congress shall have power to coin money, 
fix the standard of weights and measures, and to 
regulate the value of 1 8 5 11 

Foreign nations, among the States, and with the Indian 
tribes. Congress shall have power to regulate 
commerce with 1 8 3 8 

Foreign power. No State shall, without the consent of 
Congress, enter into any compact or agreement 
with any 1 10 3 19 

Forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. 

Attainder of treason shall not work 3 3 2 27 

i^ormafrion of new States. Provisions relating to the 4 3 1 29 

Form of government. The United States shall guarantee 

to every State in this Union a republican 4 4 - 29 

And shall protect each of them against invasion ; and 
on application of the legislature or of the executive 
(when the legislature can not be convened), against 
domestic violence 4 4 - 29 

Forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful 
buildings. Congress shall exercise exclusive au- 
thority over all places purchased for the erection of. 1 8 17 13 

Freedom of speech or the press. Congress shall make no 

law abridging the. [Amendments] 1 - - 33 

Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms 
shall not be infringed. A well-regulated militia 
being necessary to the security of a. [Amend- 
■ments]... 2 - - 33 

Fugitives from crime found in another State shall, on de- 
mand, be delivered up to the authorities of the 
State from which they may flee 4 2 2 28 

Fugitives from service or labor in one State, escaping into 
another State, shall be delivered up to the party to 
whom such service or labor may be due 4 2 3 28 



78 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

G. 

Art. Sec. CI. Pape. ^ 

General welfare and secure the blessings of liberty, etc. 

To promote the. [Preamble] - - - 1 

General welfare. Congress shall have power to provide 

for the common defense and 1 8 1 7 

Georgia shall be entitled to three Representatives in the 

First Congress 12 3 3 

Gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts. No 

State shall make anything but 1 10 1 15 

Good behavior. The judges of the Supreme and inferior 

courts .shall hold their offices during 3 1 - 23 

Government. The United States shall guarantee to every 

State in this Unitm a republican form of 4 4 - 29 

And shall protect each of them against invasiou; and 
onapijlication of the legislature or of the executive 
( when the legislature can not be convened ) , against 
domestic violence 4 4 - 29 

Grand jury. No person shall be held to answer for a 
capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on the 

presentment of a. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

Except in cases arising in the land and naval forces; 
and in the militia when in actual service. [.Amend- 
ments] 5 - - 34 

Guarantee to every State in this Union a republiciin form 

of government. The United States shall I 4 - 29 

And shall i»rotecteach of tluMii agaiust invasion; and 
on api»lication of the legislature or of the executive 
(when the legislature can not be convened), again.st 
domestic violence 1 4 - 29 

H. 

Habeas corpn.^ shall not be suspended unless in ra.«e8 of 

rebellion or invasion. The writ of I i> 2 14 

Heads of DepartmentJt. Congress may, by law, vest the 

appointment of inferior officers in the 2 2 2 22 

On any sul)ject relating to their duties, the President 
may require the written opinion of the principal 
officers in each of the Executive Departments 2 2 1 21 

Hif/h crimes and m isdemeanors. The President, Vice-Presi- 
dent, and all civil officers shall be removed on im- 
peachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, 
orother 2 i - 23 



IISTDEX TO GONSTITUTION. 79 

^ (/ Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

House of Representatives. Congress shall consist of a Senate 

and 11-2 

Shall be composed of members chesen every second 
year 12 12 

Qualifications of electors for members of the 1 2 1 2 

No person shall be a member who shall not have at- 
tained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven 

years a citizen of the United States 1 2 2 3 

The executive of the several States shall issue writs of 

election to fill vacancies in the 12 4 3 

Shall choose their Speaker and other officers 1 2 5 3 

Shall have the sole power of impeachment 1 2 5 3 

Shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qual- 
ifications of its own members 1 5 1 5 

A majority shall constitute a quorum to do business .15 15 
Less than a majority may adjourn from day to day, 

and compel the attendance of absent members 1 5 1 5 

May determine its own rule of proceedings 1 5 2 5 

May pmiish its members for disorderly behavior, 
and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a ' 

member 1 5 2 5 

Shall keep a journal of its proceedings 15 3 5 

Shall not adjourn for more than three days during 
the session of Congress without the consent of the 

Senate 1 5 4 6 

Members shall not be questioned for any speech or 

debate in either House or any other place 1 6 1 6 

, No person holding any office under the United States 

shall, while holding such office, be a member of the. 16 2 6 
No person, while a member of either House, shall be 
appointed to an office which shall have been cre- 
ated or the emoluments increased during his mem- 
bership 1 6 2 6 

All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the. . . 1 7 1 6 
The vote for President and Vice-President shall be 
counted in the presence of the Senate and. 

[Amendments] 12 - - 39 

If no person have a majority of electoral votes, then 
from the three highest on the list the House of 
Representatives shall immediately, by ballot, choose 

a President. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

They shall vote by States, each State counting one 

vote. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 



80 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

House of Representativcii. A quorum shall consist of a 
member or members from two-thinls of the States, 
and a majority of all the States shall be necessary 
to the choice of a President. [Amendments] 12 - - 40 

No person havinj^ as a legislative, executive, or judi- 
cial ofiicer of the United States, or of any State, 
taken an oath to support the Constitution, and 
afterwards en<iraged in insurrection or rebellion 
against the United States, shall be a member of 
the. [Amendments] 14 o - 4(5 

But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 

House, remove such disability. [Amendments].. 14 3 - 4(i 

I. 

Imminent danger as will not admit of delay. No State 
shall, without the consent of Congress, engage in 

war, unless actually invade<l or in such 1 10 S \\) 

Immuintiex. Members of (\mgress shall, in all ciu«es ex- 
cept treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be 
privilegetl from arrest during their attendance at 
the session of their respective Houses and in going 
and returning from the same 1 6 1 ti 

No soldier shall be quartered in any house witiiout 
the consent of the owner in time of peace. [Amend- 
ments] 3 - - 34 

No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of life antl 

limb for the same offense. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

-Vll pei"sons born or naturalized in the United States 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens 
of the United States and of the State in which they 
reside. [Amentlments] 14 1 - 41 

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall 
abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of 
the Uniteil States, [.\menflments] 14 1 - 41 

Nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, 
or property without due i)rocess of law. [Amend- 
ments] 14 1 - 41 

Nor deny to any person within its juristliction the 

equal protection of the laws. [.Vinendnieiits] 14 1 - 41 

Impeachmenl. The President may grant reprieves and 

pardons except in cases of 2 2 1 21 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 81 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Impeachment. The House of Representatives shall have 

the sole power of 1 2 5 3 

The trial of all crimes shall be by jury except in 

cases of 3 2 3 26 

Impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, and 
other high crimes and misdemeanors. The Presi- 
dent, Vice-President, and all civil officers shall be 

removed upon.. 2 4 - 23 

Impeachments. The Senate shall have the sole power to 

try all 1 3 6 4 

The Senate shall be on oath, or affirmation, when 

. sitting for the trial of 1 3 6 4 

When the President of the United States is tried the 

Chief Justice shall preside 13 6 4 

No person shall be convicted without the concurrence 

of two-thirds of the members present 1 3 6 4 

Judgment shall not extend beyond the removal from 

office and disqualification to hold ofiice 1 3 7 4 

But the party convicted shall be liable to indictment 

and punishment according to law 1 3 7 5 

Importation of slaves prior to 1808 shall not be prohibited 

by the Congress 1 9 1 13 

But a tax or duty of ten dollars for each person may 

be imposed on such 1 9 1 13 

Imports or exports except what may be absolutely neces- 
sary for executing its inspection laws. No State 
shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any 

imposts or duties on 1 10 2 18 

Imports or exports laid by any State shall be for the use of 

the Treasury. The net produce of all duties on. . . 1 10 2 18 
Imports or exports shall be subject to the revision and con- 
trol of Congress. All laws of States laying duties on. 1 10 2 18 
Imposts and excises. Congress shall have power to lay and 

collect taxes, duties 18 17 

Shall be uniform throughout the United States. All 

taxes, duties 18 17 

Inability of the President, the powers and duties of his 
office shall devolve on the Vice-President. In case 

of the death, resignation, or 2 1 5 20 

Inability of the President or Vice-President: Congress 
may provide by law for the case of the removal, 
death, resignation, or 2 1 5 20 



82 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec-. CI. Vage. 

Indian tribes. Congress shall have power to regulate com- 
merce with the 18 3 8 

Indiclmcut or presentment of a grand jury. No person 
shall be held to answer for a capital or infamous 
crime unlcs-s on. [Amendment^] 5 - - 34 

Indictment. Except in cases arising in the land and naval 
and in the militia when in actual service. [Amend- 
ments] 5 - - 34 

Indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, accDnling 
to law. The party convicted in case of impeach- 
ment shall nevertheless be liable and subject to. . . 13 7 5 

Infamous crime un\t:i^ on pre.sentment or in<lictnu'nt of 
a grand jury. No person shall be lield to answer 
for a capital or. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

Inferior courts. Congress shall have power to constitute 

tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court 1 8 9 12 

Inferior courts as Congress may establish. The ju<li(ial 
power of the United States shall l>e vested in one 

Supreme Court and such .S 1 - 23 

The judges of both the Supreme and inferior court-s 

shall h'lld their otlices during good Ix'havior :{ 1 - 23 

Their compensation shall not be diminished during 

their continuance in office :; 1 - 23 

Inferior officers in the courts of law, in the President alone, 
or in the heads of Department^. Congre.«s, if they 
think proper, may by law ve.'-t the appointment of. 2 2 2 22 

Inhabitant of the Slate for which he shall be chosen. No 
person shall be a Senator who shall not have at- 
tained the age of thirty yedrs, been nine years a 
citizen of the Unite<l States, and who shall not, 
when elected, be an 1 3 3 4 

Insurrection or rebellion against the United States. No per- 
son.«hall beaSenatoror Repre.«entative in Congress, 
or Prcsitlential elector, or liuld any oHice, civil or 
military, under the United States, or any State, 
who, having taken an oath as a legislative, execu- 
tive, or judicial otfii-er of the United States, or of a 

State, afterwards engaged in. [Amendments] 14 3 - 46 

But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 

House, remove such disabilities. [.Amendments]. 11 3 - 46 
Debts declared illegal and void which were contracti'd 
in aid of. [Ameiuliuentsj 14 4 - 4(3 



INDEX TO COISTSTITUTIOlSr. 83 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Insurrections and repel invasions. Congress shall provide 

for calling forth the militia to suppress 1 8 15 12 

Invasion. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, 
engage in war unless actually invaded, or in such 
imminent danger as will not admit of delay 1 10 3 19 

Invasion. I he writ of habeas corpus shall not be sus- 
pended unless in case of rebellion or 1 9 2 14 

Invasion and domestic violence. The United States shall 

protect each State against 4 4 - 29 

Invasions. Congress shall provide for calling forth the 

militia to suppress insurrections and repel 1 8 15 11 

Inventors and authors in thejr inventions and writings. 
Congress may pass laws to secure for limited times 
exclusive rights to 1 8 8 11 

Involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, 
abolished in the United States. Slavery and. 
[Amendments] 13 1 - 40 

J. 

Jeopardy of life and limb for the same offense. No per- 
son shall be twice put in. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

Journal of its proceedings. Each House shall keep a 1 5 3 5 

Judges in every State shall be bound by the Constitution, 
the laws and treaties of the United States, which 
shall be the supreme law of the land 6 - 2 30 

Judges of the Supreme and inferior courts shall hold their 

^ offices during good behavior 3 1 - 23 

Their compensation shall not be diminished during 
their continuance in office 3 1 - 23 

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend fur- 
ther than to removal from office and disqualifica- 
tion to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit , 

under the United States 1 3 7 4 

But the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable 
and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and 
punishment according to law 1 3 7 5 

Judicial power of the United States. Congress shall have 
power to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme 

Court ' 1 8 9 12 

The judicial power of the United States shall be 
vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior 
courts as Congress may from time to time ordain 
and establish 3 1 - 23 



s 



'2 




23 


- 




23 






23 


- 




23 






23 


2 




23 



84 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. ri. PajfC. 

Judicial power of the United State.^. The judges of the 
Supreme and inferior courts shall hold their offices 
(luring good behavior 3 1 - 23 

Their couipens^ation shall not be diminished during 
their continuance in office 3 1 - 23 

It shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising 
und«'r the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the 
United States 3 2 1 23 

To all cases affecting ambassadors, other public min- 
isters, and consuls 3 

To all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. . 3 

To controversies to which the I'nited States sliall be 
a party 3 

To controversies between two or more States 3 

To controversies between a State and citizens of 
another State 3 

To controversies between citizens of different Stiites. 3 

To citizens of the same State claiming lands under 
grants of different States 3 2 1 23 

To controversies between a State or its citizens and 

foreign States, citizens, or subjects 3 2 1 23 

III all cases affecting ambassadore, other public min- 
isters and consuls, and those in which a State sliall 
be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original 
jurisdiction -' -^ - ~ 2f) 

In all other cases before mentioned it shall have ap- 
pellate jurisdiction, both as to hiw and fact, with 
such exceptions and under such regulations as Con- 
gress shall make 3 2 2 26 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach- 
ment, shall be by jury 3 2 3 2(j 

The trial shall be held in the State where the crimes 
shall have been committed 3 2 3 26 

But when not committed in a State, the trial shall 
be at such place or places as Congress may by law 
have directed - 3 2 3 26 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be 
belli to extend to any suit in law or ecjuity com- 
menced or prosecuted against one of the United 
States by citizens of another State, or V)y citizens or 
subjects of any foreign state. [Amendments] 11 - - 38 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 85 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Judicial proceedings of every other State. Full faith and 
credit shall be given in each State to the acts, rec- 
ords, and... '. 4 1 - 27 

Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving such 
acts, records, and proceedings 4 1 - 27 

Judicial and executive officers of the United States and 
of the several States shall be bound by an oath to 
support the Constitution 6 - 3 31 

Judiciary. The Supreme Court shall have original juris- 
diction in all cases affecting ambassadors, other 
public ministers and consuls, and those in which a 

State may be a party 3 2 2 26 

The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction 
both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and 
regulations as Congress may make 3 2 2 26 

Junction of two or more States or parts of States without 
the consent of the legislatures and of Congress. 
^No State shall be formed by the 4 3 1 29 

Jurisdiction of another State. No new State shall, with- 
out the consent of Congress, be formed or erected 
within the 4 3 1 29 

Jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
and under such regulations as Congress may make. 

The Supreme Court shall have appellate 3 2 2 26 

In all cases affecting ambassadors, and other public 
ministers and consuls, and in cases where a State 
is a party, the Supreme Court shall have orig- 
inal.' 3 2 2 26 

Jury. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach- 
ment, shall be by , 3 2 3 26 

In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have a 

speedy and public trial by. [Amendments] 6 - - 36 

All suits at common law, where the value exceeds 

twenty dollars, shall be tried by. [Amendments] . 7 - - 36 
Where a fact has been tried by a jury it shall not be 
reexamined except by the rules of the common 
law. [Amendments] 7 - - 36 

Just compensation. Private property shall not be taken 

for public use without. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

Justice, insure domestic tranquillity, etc. To establish. 

[Preamble] - - - 1 



8r> INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

L. 

Art. Sec. CI. Paije. 

lAibor, in one State, escaping into another State, shall be 
delivered up to the party to whom .«iuh service or 
labor may he due. Fugitives from service or 4 2 3 28 

Land and naval forces. Congress shall make rules for 

the government and regulation of the 1 • 8 14 12 

Lnw and fact, with exceptions and under regulations to 
be made by Congre.*s. The Supreme Court shall 
have appellate jurisdiction as to 3 2 2 26 

Law of the land. The Constitution, the laws made in 
pursuame thereof, and treaties of the United States, 

shall be the supreme 6 - 2 30 

The judges in every State shall be bound thereby. . . 6 - 2 30 

Law of nations. Congress shall provide for jHrnishing 

offenses against the 1 8 10 12 

Laws. Congress shall provide for calling forth tlu' militia 
to suppress insurrection, repel invasion, and to exe- 
cute the ~ 1 8 1", 12 

Laws and treaties of the United States. Tlie judicial power 
shall extend to all cases in law and etjuity arising 
under the Constitution or the 3 2 1 23 

Ixtws necessary to carry into execution the powers vested 
in the f rovernment, or in any department or officer 
of the United States. Congress shall make all 1 8 1>< 13 

Legal tender in payment of debts. No State shall make 

anything but gold and silver coin a 1 10 1 15 

Legislation in all cases over such district as may liecome 
the seat of the (iovernment. Congre.ss shall exer- 
cise exclusive 1 8 17 12 

Over all places purchased for th^ erection of forts, 
magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful 
buildings, Congress shall exercise exclusive 1 s \7 13 

Legislation. Congre.«s shall have power to make all laws 
necessary and i)roper for carrying into execution 
all the powers vested by the Constitution in the 
Government of the United States, or in any de- 
partment or otHcer thereof 1 8 IS 13 

Congress shall have power to enforce the thirteenth 

amendment by appropriate. [Amendments] 13 2 - 40 

Congress shall have power to enforce th»^ fourteenth 

amendment by appropriate. [Amendments] 14 5 - 40 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 87 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Legislation. Congress shall have power to enforce the 
fifteenth amendment by appropriate. [Amend- 
ments] , 15 2 - 47 

Legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in Con- 
gress. All 1 1 - 2 

Legislature, or the executive (when the legislature can not 
be convened). The United States shall protect 
each State against invasion and domestic violence, 
on the application of the 4 4 - 29 

Legislatures of two-thirds of the States, Congress shall call 
a convention for proposing amendments to the 
Constitution. On the application of the 5 - - 30 

Letters of marque and reprisal. Congress shall have 

power to grant 1 8 11 12 

No State shall grant : 1 10 1 15 

Liberty to ourselves and our posterity, etc. To secure the 

blessings of. [Preamble] - - - 1 

Life, liberty, and x>roperty without due process of law. No 
person shall be compelled in any criminal case to 
be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of. 

[Amendments] - - - 5 - - 34 

No State shall abridge the privileges or immunities 
of citizens of the United States, nor deprive any 
person of. [Amendments] 14 1 - 41 

Life or limb for the same offense. No person shall be 

twice put in jeopardy of. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

Loss or emancipation of any slave shall be held illegal 

and void. [Amendments] 14 4 - 46 

M. 

Magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful build- 
ings. Congress shall have exclusive authority over 
all places purchased for the erection of 1 8 17 13 

Majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to do 

business. A 1 5 1 5 

But a smaller number may adjourn from day to day 
and may be authorized to compel the attendance 
of absent members 1 5 1 5 

Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. 
When the choice of a President shall devolve on 
the House of Representatives, a quorum shall con- 
sist of a member or members from two-thirds of 
the States; but a. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 



88 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. PaRe. 

Majority. When the choice of a Vice-President shall de- 
volve on the Senate, a quorum shall consist of two- 
thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a 
majority of the whole number shall l)e nece.s«ary 
to a choice. [Amendments] '. 12 - - -JO 

Maruime jurisdiction. The judicial power shall extend to 

all cases of admiralty and 3 2 1 L':i 

Marque and reprisal. Con>,'res.s shall iiave pi iwer to arrant 

letters of 1 s 11 12 

No State shall grant any letters of 1 10 1 l."> 

Manjhmd entitled to six Representatives in the first Con- 
gress 1 2 Z 8 

Massachusetts entitled to eigiit Representatives in the first 

Congress 1 2 3 .S 

Measures. Congress shall fix the standard of weights and. 1 8 o 11 

Meeting of Congress. The Congress shall assend)le at least 
once in every year, and such meeting shall be on 
the first Monday in December, unle.«s they shall by 
law appoint a different day 14 2 5 

Minihers of Congress and of State legislatures shall be 
bound by oath or affirmation to sujiport the Con- 
stitution () - 3 31 

Militia to execute the laws, suppri'ss insurrections, and 
repel invasions. Congress shall provi<le for railing 

forth the 1 8 1 o 12 

Congress shall provide for organizing, arming, and 

discii)lining the 1 8 10 12 

Congre.'^s shall provide for governing such i)art of 

them as may be employed by the United States 1 8 10 12 

Reserving to the States the appointment of the offi- 
cers and the right to train the militia according to 

the discipline prescrilH'd by Congre.«s 1 s 10 12 

A well-regulated militia l)eing necessary tothesecurity 
of a free State, the right of the people to keep and 
beararms shall not be infringed. [Amendments]. 2 - - 33 

Misdemeanors. The President, Vice-President, and all 
civil officers shall be removed on impeachment for 
and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high 
crimes and 2 4 - 23 

Money on the credit of the United States. Congress shall 

have power to borrow 1 8 2 8 

Regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin. Con- 
gress shall have power to coin 1 8 'i 1 1 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 89 

' ■ ■ Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in conse- 
quence of appropriation made by law. No 1 9 7 15 

Shall be published from time to time. A regular 
statement and account of receipts and expenditures 
of public 1 9 7 15 

For raising and supporting armies. No appropria- 
tion of money shall be for a longer term than two 
years 1 8 12 12 

N. 

.Nations. Congress shall have power to regulate com- 
merce with foreign 1 8 3 8 

Congress shall provide for punishing offenses against 
the law of - : 1 8 10 12 

Natural-horn citizens, or a citizen at the adoption of the 
Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of Presi- 
dent. No person except a 2 1 4 20 

Naturalization. Congress shall have power to establish a 

uniform rule of 1 8 4 11 

Naturalized in the United States, and subject to their ju- 
risdiction, shall be citizens of the United States 
and of the States in which they reside. All per- 
sons born, or. [Amendments] 14 1 - 41 

Naval forces. Congress shall make rules and regulations 

for the government and regulation of the land and. 1 8 14 12 

Navy. Congress shall have power to provide and main- 
tain a 1 8 13 12 

New Hampshire entitled to three Representatives in the 

firstCongress 12 3 3 

New Jersey entitled to four Representatives in the first 

Congress 1 2 3 3 

New States may be admitted by Congress into this Union; 
But no new State shall be formed within the juris- 
diction of another State without the consent of 

Congress. 4 3 1 29 

Nor shall any State be formed by the junction of two 
or more States, or parts of States, without the con- 
sent of the legislatures and of Congress 4 3 1 29 

New York entitled to six Representatives in the first Con- 
gress 12 3 3 

Nobility shall be granted by the United States.' No title 

of - 1 9 8 15 

No State shall grant any title of 1 10 1 15 



r 



90 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Pofre. 

Nominations for office by the President. Tlie President 
shall nominate, and, by and with the advii-e and 
consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors 

and other public otfieers 2 2 2 21 

He may grant commissions to fill vacancies that hap- 
pen in the recess of the Senate, which shall expire 
at the end of their next se.ssion 2 2 3 22 

North Carolina entitled to five Repre.«entatives in the first 

Congress 1 2 3 3 

Number of electors for Presidentaml Vil•e-Pre^;ident in each 
State shall be equal to the number of Senators and 
Representatives to which such State may be entitled 
in Congress 2 1 2 19 

O. 

Oath of office oi the Presidt-ntof the United State.*. Form 

of the 2 1 7 21 

Oath or affirmation. No warrants shall be issued but upon 

probal>le cause, supjwrted by. [Amendments]... 4 - - 34 

Oatli or affirmation to support the Constitution. Senators 
and Representatives, members of State legislatures, 
executive, and judicial officers of the United States 

and of the several States, shall l>e bound by 6 

But no religious test shall ever be required as a <|nali- 

ficiition for office (j 

The Senators when sitting to try impeachment shall 

be on 1 3 

Objediom. If he shall not approve it, the President shall 
return the bill to the I loose in which it originated 
with his 1 7 

Obligation of contracts. No Statt; shall pass any ex post 

/ar/o law, or law impairing; the 1 10 

Obligations incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
against the United States to be held illegal and void. 
All debts or. [Amendments] \4 4 

Offense. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of life 

or limb for the same. [Amendments] 5 

Offenses against the law of nations. Congress shall pro- 

\ide for punishing .' 1 8 

Offenses against the United States, except in cases of im- 
peachment. The President may grant reprieves or 
pardons for 2 2 1 21 



3 


31 


.s 


31 


6 


4 


2 


6 


1 


15 


- 


46 


- 


34 


10 


12 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 91 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Office under the United States. No person shall be a 

member of either House while holdmg any civil.. 1 6 2 6 
No Senator or Representative shall be appointed to 
any office under the United States which shall have 
been created, or its emoluments increased, during 

the term for which he is elected 1 6 2 6 

Or title of any kind from any king, prince, or foreign 
State, without the consent of Congress. No person 
holding any office under the United States shall 
accept of any present, emolument 1 9 8 15 

Office of President, in case of his removal, death, resigna- 
tion, or inability, shall devolve on the Vice-Presi- 
dent. The powers and duties of the 2 1 5 20 

During the term of four years. The President and 

Vice-President shal 1 hold 2 1 1 19 

Of trust or profit under the United States shall be an 
elector for President and Vice-President. No per- 
son holding an 2 1 2 20 

Office, civil or military under the United States, or any 
State, who has taken an oath as a legislative, ex- 
ecutive, or judicial officer of the United States, or 
of any State, and afterwards engaged in insurrection 
or rebellion. No person shall be a Senator, Repre- 
sentative, or Presidential elector, or hold any. 
[Amendments] 14 3 _ 45 

Officers in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in 
the heads of departments. Congress may vest the 
appointment of inferior 2 2 2 22 

Officers of the United States shall be removed on impeach- 
ment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or other 
high crimes and misdemeanors. The President, ■> 

Vice-President, and all civil 2 4 - 22 

The House of Representatives shall choose their 

Speaker and other 1 2 5 3 

The Senate, in the absence of the Vice-President, 
shall choose a President pro tempore, and also their 
•other.. ■ 13 5 4 

Offixies becoming vacant in the recess of the Senate may 
be filled by. the President, the commissions to expire 
at the end of the next session 2 2 3 22 

One-fifth of the members present, be entered on the jour- 
nal of each House. The yeas and nays shall, at the 

desireof „ 15 3 5 

19628—08 7 



92 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Opinion of the principal oflRces in each of the Executive 
Departments on any subject relating to their <luties. 
The President may require the written 2 2 1 21 

Order, resolution, or vote (except on a question of adjourn- 
ment), requiring the concurrence of the two Houses, 
shall be pre.-^ented to the Presitlent. Every 17 3 7 

Original jurisdiction in all cases affecting ambassailors, 
other public ministers, and consuls, and in which 
a State may be a party. The Supreme Court shall 
have .' 3 2 2 26 

Overt act, or on confession in open court. Conviction of 
treason shall be on the testimony of two witnesses 
to the 3 3 1 27 

P. 

J'ardon.t, except in cases of impeaclinient. The President 

may grant reprieves and 2 2 1 21 

Patent ritfhls to inventors. Congress may pass laws fur 

securing 1 8 8 11 

Peace. ]Meml)ers of Congress shall not be privileged from 

arrest for treason, felony, and breach of the 16 16 

No State shall, without the consent of Congress, keep 

troops or ships of war in tiiife of " 1 10 3 19 

No soldier shall be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner in time of. [Amend- 
ments] 3 - - 34 

Pensions and lioiintie.t Am\\\ not be<|uestioned. The validity 
of the public debt incurred in suppressing insurrec- 
tion and rebellion against the United States, includ- 
ing the debt for. [Amendments] 14 4 - 46 

Pennsyhimin entitled to eiglit Representatives in the first 

Congress 12 3 3 

People, peaceal)ly to assemble and petition f<ir redress of 
grievances shall not be abridged by Congress. The 

right of the. [Amen<lments] 1 - - 33 

To keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. A well- 
regulated militia being necessary to the security of 

a free State, the right of the. [Amendments] 2 - - 33 

To be ;:ecure in their persons, houses, papers, and 
effects against unreasonable searches an<l seizures 
shall not be violated. The right of the. [Amend- 
ments] 4 - - 34 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTIOlSr. 93 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

People. The enumeration of certain rights in the Con- 
stitution shall not be held to deny or disparage 

others retained by the. [Amendments] 9 - - 37 

Powers not delegated to the United States, nor pro- "" 

hibited to the States, are reserved to the States or 
to the. [Amendments] 10 - - 37 

Perfect Union, &c. To establish a more. [Preamble] - - - 1 

Persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable 
searches and seizures. The people shall be secure 
in their. [Amendments] 4 - - 34 

Persons as any State may think proper to admit, shall not 
be prohibited prior to 1808. The migration or im- 
portation of such 1 9 1 13 

But a tax or duty of ten dollars shall be imposed on 
the importation of each of such 1 9 1 13 

Petition for the redress of grievances. Congress shall 
make no law abridging the right of the people 
peaceably to assemble and to. [Amendments] 1 - - 33 

Piracies and felonies committed on the high seas. Con- 
gress shall define and punish 1 8 10 12 

P'ace than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 

Neither House during the session shall, without the . 

consent of the other, adjourn for more than three 

days, nor to any other 1 5 4 6 

Places of choosing Senators. Congress may by law make 

or alter regulations for the election of Senators and '• 

Representatives, except as to the 1 4 1 5 

Ports of one State over those of another. Preference shall 
not be given by any regulation of commerce or rev- 
enue to the 1 9 6 14 

Ports. Vessels clearing from the ports of one State shall 

not pay duties in another 1 9 6 14 

Post-offices and post-roads. Congress shall establish 1 8 7 11 

Powers herein granted shall be vested in Congress. All 

legislative ^ 1 1 - '2 

Powers vested by the Constitution in the Government or 
in any department or officer of the United States; 
Congress shall make all laws necessary to carry 
into execution the ^ 1 8 18 13 

Powers and duties of the office shall devolve on the Vice- 
President, on the removal, death, resignation, or 
inability of the President. The 2 1 5 20 



94 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Patre. 

Powers not delegated to the United States nor prohibited 
to the States are reserved to the States and to the 
people. [Amendments] 10 - - 37 

The enumeration of certain rights in thi.s Constitu- 
tion shall not be held to deny or disparage others 

retained by the people. [Amendments] 9 - - 37 

Pi-i'ferencc, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, 
shall not l)e given to the ports of one State over 

those of another 1 9 6 14 

Prejudice any claims of the United States or of any par- 
ticular State in the territory or projierty of the 
United States. Nothing in tliis Constitution shall. 4 3 2 29 
Present, emolument, otlice, or title of any kind whatever 
from any king, prince, or foreign State. No person 
holding any office under the United States shall, 

without the consent of Congress, accept any 1 9 8 15 

Presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases 
arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia 
when in actual service. No person shall lie held to 
answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime 

unless on a. [Amendment.^] o - - 34 

Pr indent of the United Stales. The Senate shall choose a 
President />ro<o«/vore when the Vice-President shall 
exercise the office of 13 5 4 

The Chief Justice shall i)reside upon the trial of the. 13 6 4 

Shall approve and sign all bills passed by t^ongress 

before tliey shall become laws 17 2 6 

Shall return to the Mouse in which it originated, 
with his objections, any l)ill wiiich he shall not 
approve 17 2 6 

If not returned within ten days (Sundays excepted), 
it shall become a law, unle^^s Congress shall adjourn 
before the expiration of that time 17 2 7 

Every order, resolution, or vote which requires the 
concurrence of both Houses, except on the ques- 
tion of adjournment, shall be presented to the . 17 3 7 

If disapproved by liiiii, shall be returned and pro- 
ceeded on as in the case of a bill 1 7 3 7 

The executive power shall be vested in a 2 1 1 19 

He shall hold his office during the term of four years. 2 1 1 19 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 95 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

President of the United States. In case of the removal of 
the President from office, or of his death, resigna- 
tion, or inability to discharge the duties of his office - 
the Vice-President shall perform the duties of 2 1 5 20 

Congress may declare, by law, in the case of the 
removal, death, resignation, or inability of the Pres- 
ident, what officer shall act as 2 1 5 20 

The President shall receive a compensation which 
shall not be increased nor diminished during his 
term, nor shall he receive any other emolument 
from the United States 2 1 6 21 

Before he enters upon the execution of his office he 
shall take an oath of office 2 1 7 21 

Shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy 
and of the militia of the States when called into 
actual service 2 2 1 21 

He may require the opinion, in writing, of the princi- 
pal officer in each of the Executive Departments.. 2 2 1 21 

He may grant reprieves or pardons for offenses, 

except in cases of impeachment 2 2 1 21 

He may make treaties, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, two-thirds of the Senators 
present concurring 2 2 2 21 

He may appoint, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, ambassadors, other public ministers 
and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all 
other officers whose appointments may be author- 
ized by law and not herein provided for 2 2 2 21 

Congress may vest the appointment of inferior officers 
in the 2 2 2 22 

He may fill up all vacancies that may happen in the 
recess of the Senate by commissions which shall 
expire at the end of their next session 2 2 3 22 

He shall give information to Congress of the state of 
the Union, and recommend measures 2 3 - 22 

On extraordinary occasions he may convene both 
Houses or either House of Congress 2 3 - 22 

In case of disagreement between the two Houses as 
to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them 
to such time as he may think proper 2 3 - 22 

He shall receive ambassadors and other public 
ministers 2 3 - 22 



96 IKDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Pajce. 

President of the United States. He shall take care that the 

laws be faithfully e.xecuted 'J 3 - 22 

He shall commission all the officers of the United 
States 2 3 - 22 

On impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, 
bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors, 
shalllje removed from office. The 2 4 - 22 

No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen 
of the United States at the adoption of the Consti- 
tution, shall be eligible to the office of 2 1 4 20 

No person who shall not have attained the age of 
thirty-five years and been fourteen years a citizen 
of the United Stivtes shall be eligible to the office 

of 2 1 4 20 

President and Vice-President. }fanner of choosing. Each 
State, by it.>j legislature, shall appoint a nuiid)er of 
electors eipial to the whole nunilier of Senators and 
Representatives to which the State may be entitled 
in the Congress 2 1 2 19 

No Senator or Representative or person holding an 
office of trust or prolit under the I'nited States 
shall be an elector 2 1 2 20 

Congress may tletermine the time of choosing the 
electors and the day on which they shall give their 
votes, which day shall he the same throughout tlie 
United States 2 1 3 20 

The electors shall -meet in their respective States and 
vote by ])allot for President and Vice-President, one 
of whom, at least, shall not be an inhahitant of the 
same State with themselves. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

They shall name in distinct ballots the person voted 
for as President and the person voted for as Vice- 
President. [Amendment*] 12 - - 39 

They shall make distinct lists of the persons voted 
for as President and as Vice-President, which they 
shall sign and certify and transmit sealed to the 
President of the Senate at the seat of government. 
[Amendments] 12 - - 39 

The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, open all 
the certificates and the votes shall then be counted. 
[Amendments] 12 - - 39 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 97 

Art. Sec. CI. Page, 

President and Vice-President. Manner of choosing. The 
person having the greatest number of votes shall be 
, the President, if such number be a majority of 
the whole number of electors appointed. [Amend- 
ments] 12 _ -39 

If no person have such majority, then from the per- 
sons having the highest numbers, not exceeding 
three, on the list of those voted for as President, 
the House of Representatives shall choose imme- 
diately, by ballot, the President. [Amendments] .12 - - 39 
In choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by 
States, the representation from each State having . 

one vote. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member 
or members from two-thirds of the States, and a 
majority of all the States shall be necessary to a 

choice. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

But if no choice shall be made before the 4th of March 
next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
President, as in the case of the death or disability 
of the President. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unices the 
Senate be equally divided. The Vice-President 
shall be ^ 13 4 4 

President jyro tempore. In the absence of the Vice-Presi- 
dent the Senate shall choose a 1 3 5 4 

When the Vice-President shall exercise the office of 
President of the United States, the Senate shall 
choose a \ 3 5 4 

Press. Congress shall pass no law abridging the freedom 

of speech or of the. [Amendments] 1 - _ 33 

Previous condition of servitude. The right of citizens of 
the United States to vote shall not be denied or 
abridged by the United States, or by any State, on 
account of race, color, or. [Amendments] 15 1 - 47 

Private property shall not be taken for public use without 

just compensation. [Amendments] 5 _ _ 34 

Privilege. Senators and Representatives shall, in all cases 
except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be 
privileged from arrest during their attendance at 
the session of their respective Houses, and in going 
to and returning from the same 16 16 



98 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CL Vage. 

Pruilege. They shall not be questioned for any speech or 

debate in either House in any other place 1 6 1 6 

Prieileges and uiimuiiit'us of cili:cnii of tlie I'uiled -Stutex. The • 

citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the 
privileges and immunities of the citizens of the 
several Stat.'s 4 2 1 28 

No soldier siuiU be quartered in any house without the 
consent of the owner in time of peace. [.Amend- 
ments] 3 - - 34 

No person .shall be twice put in jeijpardy of life and 
limb for the .same offense. [Amemlinents] 5 - - 34 

All persons born or naturalized in tiie I'nited States, 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens 
of the United States and of the State in which they 
re.side. [Amendment.<] 14 1 - 41 

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall 
abridge the privileges nr immunities of citizens of 
the United States. [Amendiiient.«] 14 1 - 41 

No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or 
property without due process of law. [Amcml- 
ments] 14 1 - 41 

Nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction tlic 

e(iual protection of its laws. [Amendnient.s] 14 1 - 41 

Prizes captured on land or water. Congress shall make 

rules concerning 1 8 11 12 

Probable caim'. The right of the i)eople to l)e secure in 
their persons, houses, papers, and effects against 
unreasonaltle .searches and seizures shall not be 
violated, and no warrant shall issue for such but • 

upon. [Amendments] 4 - - 34 

Process for obtaining witnes.-es in his favor. In all crimi- 
nal prosecutions theaccu.>^ed shall have. [Amend- 

ment«] 6 - - 36 

Process of law. No person shall be compelled in any 
criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor 
be de]irived <>f life, liberty, or property without 
due. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or 

property without due. [Amendments] 14 1 - 41 

Progress of science and useful arts. Congre.-s shall have 

power to promote the 1 8 8 11 



INDEX TO CONSTiTUTION. 99 

Art. See. CI. Page. 

Property of the United States. Congress may dispose of 
and make all needful rules and regulations respect- 
ing the territory or '. 4 3 2 29 

Property without due process of law. No person shall be 
compelled in any criminal case to be a witness 
against himself, nor shall he be deprived of his 

life, liberty, or. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

No State shall abridge the privileges or immunities 
of citizens of the United States, nor deprive any 
person of his life, liberty, or. [Amendments] ... 14 1 - 4i 

Prosecutions. The accused shall have a speedy and pub- 
lic trial in all criminal. [Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall be tried by a jury in the State or district 

where the crime was committed. [Amendments] . 6 - - 36 
He shall be informed of the nature and cause of the 

accusation. [Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall be confronted with the witnesses against 

him. [Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall have compulsory process for obtaining wit- 
nesses. [Amendments] 6 - - 36 

He shall have counsel for his defense. [Amend- 
ments] 6 - - 36 

Protection of the laws. No State shall deny to any person 

within its jurisdiction the equal. [Airendments]. 14 1 - 41 

Public debt of the United States incurred in suppressing 
insurrection or rebellion shall not be questioned. 
The validity of the. [Amendments]...'.' 14 4 - 46 

Public safety may require it. The writ of habeas corpus 
shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of re- 
bellion or invasion the 1 9 2 14 

Public trial by jury. In all criminal prosecutions the 

accused shall have a speedy and. [Amendments]. 6 - - 36 

Public use. Private property shall not be taken for, with. 

out just compensation. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

Punishment according to law. Judgment in cases of im- 
peachment shall not extend further than to removal 
from, and disqualification for, office; but the party 
convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject 
to indictment, trial, judgment, and 13 7 4 

Punishments inflicted. Excessive bail shall not be re- 
quired nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and 
unusual. [Amendments] 8 - - 37 



100 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Qualification for office. No religious te.st shall ever be re- 
quired a.s a 6 - 3 31 

(/ualificaliom of electors of members of the House of Rep- 
resentatives shall be the same as electors for the 
most numerous branch of the State legi-slature 12 12 

Quail ficatioiis oi nienibt;'i>!<>f the Ilousf of Representatives. 

They shall be twenty-live years of age, seven years » 
a citizen of the United States, and an inhabitant of 

the State in which chosen 1 2 2 3 

Of Senators. They shall be thirty years of age, nine 
years a citizen of the United States, and an inhab- 
itant of the State in which chosen w 1 3 3 3 

Of its own members. Each House shall be the judge 

<jf the election, returns, and 15 15 

Of the President. No person except a natural-born 
citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time 
of the adoption of the 'Constitution, shall be eligible 

to the oflice of President 2 1 4 20 

Neither shall any person be eligible to the office of 
President who shall not have attained the age of 
thirty-live years and Ix'en fourteen years a resident 

within the United States 2 1 4 20 

Of the Vice-President. No j)er.<ion constitutionally 
ineligible to theofiiceof President shall I>e eligil»le 
to that of Vice-President. [Amendments] 12 - - 40 

Q (iirterfd in any house without the consent of the owner 
in time of peace. No soldier shall be. [Amend- 
ments] 3 - - 34 

Quorum to do busines>.«. A majority of eacii House shall 

constitute a 1 5 1 5 

But a smaller numljer than a (|Uorum may adjourn 
from day to day ami may be authorized to comjiel 

the attendance of absent memliers 1 5 1 5 

Of the Hou.se of Representatives for clioosing a Presi- 
dent shall consist of a meml)er or menibers from 
two-thirds of the States, ami a majority of all the 
States shall be necessary to a choice. [Amend- 
ments] 12 - - 39 

(Quorum to elect a Vice-IVesident by the Senate. Two- 
thirds of the whole nundier of Senators shall be a. 

[Amendments] 12 - - 40 

A majority of the whole nund)er shall be necessary to 
a choice. [Amendments] 12 - - 40 



INDEX TO CONSTITtJTIOlsr. 101 

E. 

Art. Sec. Ol. Page. 

Race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The right 
of citizens of the United States. to vote shall not be 
denied or abridged by the United States or by any 
State on account of. [Amendments] 15 1 - 47 

Ratification of amendments to the Constitution shall be by 
the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States 
or by conventions in three-fourths of the States, 
accordingly as Congress may propose 5 - - 30 

Ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be 
sufficient to establish the Constitution between 
the States so ratifying the same 7 - - 31 

Ratio of representation until the first enumeration under 
the Constitution shall be made not to exceed one 
for every thirtj^ thousand 1 2 3 3 

Ratio of representation shall be apportioned among the 
several States according to their respective num- 
bers, counting the whole number of persons in 
each State, including Indians not taxed. [Amend- 
ments] 14 2 - 45 

Ratio. But when the right to vote for Presidential elect- 
ors or members of Congress, or the legislative, 
executive, and judicial officers of the State, except 
for engag'ng in rebellion or other crime, shall be 
denied or abridged by a State, the basis of repre- 
sentation shall be reduced therein in the propor- 
tion of such denial or abridgment of the right to 
vote. [Amendments] 14 2 - 45 

Rebellion against the United States. Persons who, while 
holding certain Federal and State offices, took an 
oath to support the Constitution, afterwards en- 
gaged in insurrection or rebellion, disabled from 
holding office under the United States. [Amend- 
ments] 14 3 - 46 

But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each 

House remove such disability. [Amendments] . . 14 3 - 46 

Rebellion against the United States. Debts incurred for 
pensions and bounties for services in suppressing the 
rebellion shall not be questioned. [Amendments] 14 4 - 46 
All debts and obligations incurred in aid of the re- 
bellion, and all claims for the loss or emancipation 
of slaves, declared and held to be illegal and void. 
[Amendments] 14 4 - 46 



102 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. See. CI. Page. 



14 



Rebellion or invasion. The writ of habeas corpus shall not 
be suspended except when the public safety may 
require it in cases of 1 

Receipts and expenditure.^ of all public money shall be 
published from time to time. A regular state- 
ment of - 19 7 15 

Recess of the Senaie. The President may grant commis- 
sions, which shall expire at the end of the next ses- 
sion, to till vacancies that may happen during the. . 2 2 8 22 

Jirconxidmition of a bill returned by the President with his 

objections. Proceedings to be had upon the 17 2 6 

Records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. Full 
faith and credit shall be given in each State to 

the acts 4 1 - 27 

Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving such 
acts, records, and proceedings 4 1 - 27 

RedresK of (jrievances. Congress shall make no law abridg- 
ing the right of the people peaieably to assemble 
and to petition for the. [Amendments] 1 - - 33 

Rer/ukitioii.s, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 
The time, places, ami manner of Iwdding elections 
for Senators and He|>re.sentatives shall be jtrescribed 
by the legislatures of the Stiites, but Congress may 
at any time by law make or alter such 14 15 

Reijidatious of connnerce or revenue. Preferenci- to the 
ports of one State over thos^e of anotlier shall not 
be given by any 1 9 6 14 

Religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Con- 
gress shall make no law respecting the establish- 
ment of. [Amendments] 1 - - 33 

Religious test shall ever be required as a (jualification for 
any oflSce or public trust under the United States. 
No ---- 6-3 31 

Removal of the President from office, the same shall de- 
volve on the Vice-President. ' In case of the 2 1 5 20 

Representation. No State, without it*: con-sent, shall be 

deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate 5 - - 30 

Representation and direct taxation, how apportioned among 
the several States. [This provision is changed by 
the 14th amendment, section 2, on page 45] 1 2 3 3 

Representation until the lir^-t enumeration under the Con- 
stitution not to exceed one for every thirty thou- 
sand. The ratio of 12 3 3 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTIOISr. 103 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Representation in any State. The executive thereof shall 

issue 'writs of election to fill vacancies in the 1 2 4 3 

Representation among the several States shall be according 
to their respective numbers, counting the whole 
number of persons in each State, excluding Indians 
not taxed. The ratio of. [Amendments] 14 2 - 45 

But where the right to vote in certain Federal and 
State elections is abridged for any cause other than 
rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation 

shall be reduced. [Amendments] 14 2 - 45 

Representatives. Congress shall consist of a Senate and 

House of. 11-2 

Qualifications of electors of members of the House of. 12 12 

No person shall be a Representative who shall not 
have attained the age of twenty-five years, been 
seven years a citizen of the United States, and 
an inhabitant of the State in which he shall be ^ 
chosen :... 12 2 3 

And direct taxes, how apportioned among the several 
States. [Amended by 14th amendment, section 2, 
on page 45] 1 2 3 3 

Shall choose their Speaker and other officers. The 

Houseof..... .- 1 2 5.3 

Shall have the sole power of impeachment. The 

Houseof 1-25 3 

Executives of the States shall issue writs of election to 
fill vacancies in the House of 1 2 4 3 

The times, places, and manner of choosing Repre- 
sentatives shall be prescribed by the legislatures 
of the States 14 15 

But Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
such regulations except as to the places of choosing 
Senators ,. 1 4 1 5 

And Senators shall receive a compensation to be as- 
certained by law 1 6 1 6 

Shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach 
of the peace, be privileged from arrest during at- 
tendance at the session of the House, and in going 
to and returning from the same 1 6 1 6 

Shall not be questioned in any other place for any 
speech or debate. Members of the House of 16 16 



104 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Pajre 

RcpreseiUatives. No member shall be appointed during his 
term to any rivil office which shall have been cre- 
ated, or the emoluments of which shall have been 

increased, durina; such term ] 6 2 6 

No person holding any olHce under the United States 
shall, while holding such office, be a member of 

thellouseof 16 2 6 

All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the 

Hou.<e of 17 16 

No Senator or Representative shall be an elector for 
President or Vice-President 2 1 2 19 

Representatives shall be l)ound l)y an oath or affirmation to 
support the Constitution of the I'nited States. Tlie 
Senators and 6 - 3 31 

Representatives among the several States. Provisions rel- 
ative to the apportionment of. [Amendments]... 14 2 - 45 

Representative^ ami .bWcj/ons. Prescribing certain disijuali- 

fications for office as. [Amendments] 14 :; - 46 

But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
House, remove such dis(|ualitication. [Ameml- 
ments] 14 3 - 46 

Reprieves and pardon.** except in cases of impeachment. 

The President may grant 2 2 1 21 

Jieprisdl. Congress shall have power to grant letters of 

marque and 1 8 11 12 

No State shall grant any letters of marque and 1 10 1 15 

Republican form of government. The United States shall 

guarantee to every State in this Union a 4 4 - 29 

And shall protect eacli of them against invasion; and 
on the application of the legislature, or of the ex- 
ecutive (when the legislature can not be convened), 
against domestic violence 4 4 - 29 

Reserved riylits of the States ami the people. The enu- 
meration in the Constitution of certain rights shall 
not be construed to deny or disparage others re- 
tained by the people. [.\menilments] 9 - - 37 

The powers not delegatetl to the United States by the 
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are 
reserved to the States respectively, or to the jieople. 
[Amendments] 10 - - 37 

Resignation, or inability of the President, the dutiefs and 
powers of his office shall devolve on the Vice- 
President. In case of the death 2 1 5 20 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTIOlSr. 105 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Resignation, or inability of the President. Congress may 

by law provide for the case of the removal, death. 2 1 5 20 

Resolution, or vote (except on a questien of adjournment) 
requiring the concurrence of the two Houses shall, 
before it becomes a law, be presented to the Presi- 
dent. Every order 1 7 3 7 

Reixnue shall originate in the House of Representatives. 

All bills for raising 1 7 1 6 

Revenue. Preference shall not be given to the ports of - 
one State over those of another by any regulations 
of commerce or 1 9 6 14 

Rhode Island entitled to one Representative in the First ^ 

Congress 1 2 3 3 

Right of petition. Congress shall make no law abridging 

therightof the people peaceably to assemble and to 1 9 6 14 
petition for the redress of grievances. [Amend- 
ments] 1 _ _ 33 

Right to keep and bear arms. A well-regulated militia 
being necessary to the security of a free State, the 
right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not 
be infringed. [Amendments] 2 - - 33 

Rights in the Constitution shall not be construed to deny 
or disparage others retained by the people. The 
enumeration of certain. [Amendments] 9 _ _ 37 

Rights not delegated to the United States nor prohibited 
to the States are reserved to the States or to the 
people. [Amendments] 10 - - 37 

jRu/es of its proceedings. Each House may determine the. 15 2 5 

Rules and regulations respecting the territory or other 
property of the United States. Congress shall dis- 
pose of and make all needful 4 3 2 29 

Rules of the common law. All suits involving over twenty 
dollars shall be tried by jury according to the. 

[Amendments] 7 _ _ 3Q 

No fact tried by a jury shall be reexamined except 

according to the. [x\mendments] " 7 - - 36* 

Science and the usefid arts by securing to authors and in- 
ventors the exclusive right to their writings and 
discoveries. Congress shall have power to pro- 
mote the progress of 1 g 8 11 

Searches and seizures shall not be violated. The right of 
the people to be secure against unreasonable. 
[Amendments] 4 _ _ 34 



ion INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Searches and seizures. And no warrant shall be issued but 
upon probable cause, on oath or affirmation, de- 
scril)ing the place to be searched and the jiei-son or 
things to be seized. [Amendments] 4 - - 34 

Seat of government. Congress shall exerci.se exdnsive leg- 
islation in all ca.ses over suc-h district as may be- 
come the I S 17 12 

SecurUies and current coin of the United States. C6n- 
gress shall provide for punishing the counterfeit- 
ing of the 1 8 H II 

Security of a free State, the right of the people to keej) 
and bear arms shall not be infringed. A well- 
regulated militia being neceasary to the. [Amend- 
ments] 2 - - 33 

Senate and Jlouse of Representative.'^. The Congress of the 

United States shall consist of a 1 1 - 2 

Senate of the United Sinlvx. The Senate shall be comprised 
of two Senatoi-s from each State, chosen l)y the leg- 
islature for six years 13 14 

If vacancies happen daring the recess of the legisla- 
ture of a State, the executive thereof niay make 
temporary appointment.s until the next meeting of 

the legislature 13 2 4 

The Vice-President shall be President of the Senate, 
but shall have no vote unless the Senate be equally 

divi.led 1 .{ 4 4 

The Senate shall choose their other oflicere, and also 
a President pro tempore in the al)8ence of the Vice- 
President, or when he shall exercise the office of 

President 1 3 5 4 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im- 
peachments. When sitting for that purpose they 

shall be on oath or affirmation , 1 3 (J 4 

When the President of the United States is tried the 
Chief Justice shall preside; and no person shall be 
convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of 

the members present 13 6 4 

It shall be the judge of elections, returns, and qnali- 

ficatioiis of its own members 1 5 1 5 

A majority shall constitute a quorum to do business, 
but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attend- 
ance of absent membere 15 15 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 107 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Senate of the United States. It may determine the rules of 
its proceedings, punish a member for disorderly be- 
havior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds ex- 
pel a member 1 5 2 5 

It sliall keep a journal of its proceedings and from 
time to time publish the same, except such parts 
as may in their judgment require secrecy 1 5 3 5 

It shall not adjourn for more than three days during 
a session without the consent of the other House.. 15 4 6 

It may propose amendments to bills for raising reve- ■• 

nue, but such bills shall originate in the House of 
Representatives 1 7 1 6 

The Senate shall advise and consent to the ratification 
of all treaties, provided two-thirds of the members 
present concur 2 2 2 21 

It shall advise and consent to the appointment of am- 
bassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges 
of the Supreme Court, and all other officers not 
herein otherwise provided for 2 2 2 21 

It may be convened by the President on extraordinary 

occasions 2 3 - 22 

No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its 

equal suffrage in the Senate 5 - - 30 

Senators. They shall, immediately after assembling, under 
their first election, be divided into three classes, so 
that the seats of one-third shall become vacant at 
the expiration of every second year 13 2 4 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not be thirty 
years of age, nine years a. citizen of the United 
States, and an inhabitant when elected of the State 
for which he shall be chosen 13 3 4 

The time, places, and manner of choosing Senators 
may be fixed by the legislature of a State, but Con- 
gress may by law make or alter such regulations, 
except as to the places of choosing 14 15 

If vacancies happen during the recess of the legisla- 
ture of a State, the executive thereof may make . 
temporary appointments until the next meeting of 
the legislature 1 3 2 4 

They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and 
* breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest dur- 
ing their attendance at the session of the Senate and 
in going to and returning from the same 1 6 1 6 

. 19628—08 8 



108 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Seo. CI. PuKe 

Senalorit. Senators and Representatives shall receive a 

compensation to be asicertained by law 1 6 1 6 

Senators and Representatives shall not l)e questioned 
for any speech or debate in either House in any 

other place 1 6 1 «j 

No Senator or Representative Hhall, durin^r the time 
for which he was elected, be ajjpointed to any civil 
office under the United States which shall have 
been created, or of which the emoluments shall 

have been increased, during such term 1 6 2 

No person holding any oflSce under the United States 
shall be a member of either House during his con- 
tinuance in office 16 2 6 

No Senator or Representative or person h(jlding an 
office of trust or profit under the United States .^^hall 

l)e an elector for President and Vice-President 2 1 2 19 

Senators and Representatives shall be bound by an 

oath or affirmation to supijort the Constitution 6 - 3 31 

No person shall be a Senator or Representative who 
having, as a Federal or State officer, taken an oath 
to support the Constitution, afterwards engaged in 
rebellion against the Unite<l States. '[Amend- 
ments] ' 1-t 3 - 46 

But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each 
House, remove such disability. [Amendments].. 14 3 - 46 
Service or labor in one State, escaping into another State, 
shall be delivered up to the jiarty to wliom such 

service or labor may l)e <lue. Fugitives from 4 2 3 28 

Serritude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the 
party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist in 
the United States or any place subject to their jnri.«- 
diction. Neither slaverv nor involuntary. [AnH-ml- 

ments] ". 13 1 - 40 

Servitude. The right of citizens of the United States to 
vote shall not l»e denied or abridged by the United 
States or any State on account of race, color, or pre- * 

vious condition of. [Amendments] 15 1-47 

Ships of war in time of peace, without the consent of Con- 
gress. No State shall keep troops or 1 10 3 19 

Silver coin a tender in payment of debts. No State shall 

make anything but gold and 1 10 1 15 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 109 

Art. Sec. CU Page. 

Slave. Neither the United States nor any State shall as- 
sume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid 
of insurrection or rebellion, or any claim for the loss 
or emancipation of any. [Amendments] 14 4 - 46 

Slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment 
for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly 
convicted, shall exist in the United States, or any 
places subject to their jurisdiction. Neither. 
[Amendments] : 13 1 - 40 

Soldiers shall not, be quartered, in time of peace, in any 
house without the consent of the owner. [Amend- 
ments] 3 - - 34 

South Carolina entitled to five Representatives in the First 

Congress 1 2 3 3 

Speaker and other officers. The House of Representatives 

shall choose their 12 5 3 

Speech or of the press. Congress shall make no law abridg- 
ing the freedom of. [Amendments] 1 - - 33 

Speedy and public trial by a jury. In all criminal prose- 
cutions the accused shall have a. [Amendments] . 6 - - 36 

Standard of weights and measures. Congress shall fix the. 1 8 5 11 

State of the Union. The President shall, from time to 

time, give Congress information of the 2 3 - 22 

State legislatures, and all executive and judicial oflicers of 
the United States, shall take an oath to support the 
Constitution. All members of the several 6 - 3 31 

States. When vacancies happen in the representation 
from any State, the executive authority shall issue 

writs of election to fill such vacancies 12 4 3 

Congress shall have power to regulate commerce 

among the several 1 g 3 8 

No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or con- 
federation 1 

Shall not grant letters of marque and reprisal 1 

Shall not coin money 1 

Shall not emit bills of credit 1 

Shall not make anything but gold and silver coin a 

tender in payment of debts 1 10 1 15 

Shall not pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, 

or law impairing the obligation of contracts 1 10 1 15 

Shall not grant any title of nobility 1 10 1 15 



10 


1 


15 


10 


1 


15 


10 


1 


15 


10 


1 


15 



110 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec-. CI. Pasre. 

Slates shall not, without the consent of Congress, lay any 
duties on imports or exports, except what may be 
absolutely necessary for executing its inspection 
laws 1 10 2 18 

Shall not, without the consent of Congress, lay any 
duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in 
time of peace, enter into any agreement or com- 
pact with another State or with a foreign power, 
or engage in war unless actually invaded or in such 
imminent danger as will not admit of delay 1 10 3 lit 

Full faith and credit in every other SUite shall be 
given to the public acts, records, and judicial pro- 
ceedings of each State ...' 4 1 - 27 

Congress shall prescribe the manner of proving such 
acts, records, and proceedings 4 1 - 27 

Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privi- 
leges and immunities of citizens in the several 
States 4 2 1 28 

New States may he admitted by Congress into this 

Union 4 3 1 29 

But no new State shall be formed or erected within 

the jurisdiction of another State 4 3 1 29 

Nor any State formed by the junction of two or more 
States or parts of States, without the consent <if the 
legislatures as well as of Congress 4 3 1 29 

No Stcte shall be deprived, without its consent, of its 
equrd suffrage in the Senate 5 - - 30 

Three-fourths of the legislatures of the States or con- 
venlionc of three-fourths of the States, as Congress 
shall ] rescribe, may ratify amendments to the 
Constitution 5 - - 30 

The United States shall guarantee a republican form 
of government to every State in the Union 4 4 - 29 

They shall protect each State against invasion 4 4 - 29 

And on application of the legislature, or the execu- 
tive (when the legislature can not be convened), 
against domestic violence 4 4 - 29 

The ratification by nine States shall be sufficient to 
establish the Constitution between the States so 
ratifying the same 7 - - 31 

When the choice of President shall devolve on the 
House cf Representatives, the vote shall be taken 
by States. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. Ill 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

States. But in choosing the President the vote shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each State 

having one vote. [Amendmejits] 12 - - 39 

A quorum for choice of President shall consist of a 
member or members from two-thirds of the States 
and a majority of all the States shall be necessary 
to a choice. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

States or to the people. Powers not delegated to the 
United States, nor prohibited to the States are 
reserved to the. [Amendments] 10 - - 37 

Suffrage in the Senate. No State shall be deprived with- 
out its consent of its equal 5 - - 30 

Suits at common law, where the value in controversy 
shall exceed |20, shall be tried by jury. [Amend- 
ments] .7 - - 36 

In law or equity against one of the States, by citizens 
of another State, or by citizens of a foreign state. 
The judicial power of the United States shall not 
extend to. [Amendments] 11 - - 38 

Supreme Court. Congress shall have power to constitute 

tribunals inferior to the 1 8 9 12 

Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as Congress may 
establish. The judicial power of the United States 
shall be vested in one 3 1 - 23 

Supreme Court. The judges of the Supreme and inferior 

courts shall hold their offices during good behavior. 3 1 - 23 
The compensation of the judges shall not be dimin- 
ished during their continuance in office 3 1 - 23 

Shall have original jurisdiction. In all cases affecting 
ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, 

and in which a State may be a party, the 3 2 2 26 

Shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and 
the fact, with such exceptions and regulations as 
Congress may make. The 3 2 2- 26 

Supreme law of the land. This Constitution, the laws made 
in pursuance thereof, and the treaties of the United 

States, shall be tjie 6 - 2 30 

The judges in every State shall be bound thereby... 6 - 2 30 

Suppress insurrections and repel invasions. Congress shall » 
provide for calling forth the militia to execute the 
laws - 1 8 15 12 



112 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Rii-. CI. Vnirv. 

Suppression oi insurrection or rebellion shall not be ques- 
tioned. The public debt, including the debt for 
pensions and bounties, incurred in the. [Amend- 
nienbj!] 14 4 - 4H 

T. 

Ta.c shall be laid unles.s in proportion to the census or 

enumeration. No Ciipitation or other direct 1 9 4 14 

TVf.f or duty shall be laid on articles exported fnmi any 

State. No 1 9 5 14 

Taxes (direct) and Representatives, how apportioned 
among the several States. [See 14th amendment, 
section 2, page 45] 1 '2 .'^ .S 

Taxes, duties, impost.>j, and excises. Congress shall have 

power to lay 1 8 1 7 

They shall be uniform throughout the Cnited States. 18 17 

Tempoianj appiAntmeutx until the ne.vt meeting of the 
legislature. If vacancies iiap]>en in the Senate in 
the recess of the legislature of a State, the execu- 
tive of the State shall make 13 2 4 

Ti'urlrr in payment of del)ts. No State shall make any- 
thing but gold ami silver coin a 1 10 1 15 

Term of four years. The President and Vice- 1 'resident 

shall hold their otiices for the 2 1 1 19 

Term for which he is elected. No Senator or Kepresenta- 
tive shall be appoiiite<l to any olHce under the 
United States which shail have been created or its 
emoluments increased during the 1 H 2 6 

Territorif or other property of the I'nited States. Con- 
gress shall dispose of and make all nee<lful rules 
and regulations respecting the 4 3 2 29 

Test as a qualification for any office or public trust shall 

ever Ijc required. No religious f5 - 3 31 

Testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, ur on 
confession in open court. No person shall be con- 
victed of treason except on the 3 3 1 27 

Three-fourths of the Ifgislnttires of the States, or conventions 
in three-fourths of the Statt-s, as Congress shall pre- 
scribe, may ratify amendments to the Constitution. 5 - - 30 

Tie. The Vice-President shall have no vote unless the 

Senate be equally divided 13 4 4 



4 


1 5 


9 


8 15 


10 


1 15 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 113 

Art. See. CI. Page. 

Times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators 
and Representatives shall be prescribed in each 

State by the legislature thereof 1 4 1 5 

But Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
such regulations, except as to the places of choosing 
Senators ■- 1 

Title of nobility. The United States shall not grant any. . 1 
No State shall grant any 1 

Title of any kind, from any king, prince, or foreign state, « 

without the consent of Congress. No person hold- 
ing any office under the United States shall accept 
ofany 1 9 8 15 

Tonnage without the consent of Congress. No State shall 

lay any duty of 1 10 3 19 

Tranquillity, provide for common defense, etc. To insure 

domestic. [Preamble] - - - 1 

Treason shall consist only in levying war against the 
United States, or in adhering to their enemies, 
giving them aid and comfort 3 3 1 26 

Treason. No person shall, unless on the testimony of two 
witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in 

open court, be convicted of 3 3 ■* 1 26 

Congress shall have power to declare the punishment 

of 3 3 2 27 

Shall not work corruption of blood. Attainder of . . 3 3 2 27 
Shall not work forfeiture, except during the life of 
the person attainted. Attainder of 3 3 2 27 

Treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 
The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers 
shall be removed from office on impeachment for 
and conviction of 2 4 - 23 

Treason, felony, and breach of the peace. Senators and 
Representatives shall be privileged from arrest 
while attending or while going to or returning from 
the sessions of Congress, except in cases of 1 6 1 6 

Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by 

law. No money shall be drawn from the .1 1 9 7 15 

Treaties. The President shall have power, with the ad- 
vice and consent of the Senate, provided two-thirds 

of the Senators present concur, to make 2 2 2 21 

The judicial power shall extend to all cases arising 
under the Constitution, laws, and ^3 2 1 23 



114 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec. CI. Page, 

Treaties. They shall be the supreme law of the land, 
and the judges in every State shall be bound 
thereby ' 6 - 2 30 

Treaty, alliance, or confederation. No State shall enter 

intoany 1 10 1 15 

Trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. Judg- 
ment in cases of impeachment shall not extend 
further than to removal fruin, and disqualification 
for, office; but the party convicted shall neverthe- 
less be liable and subject to indictment 1 3 7 5 

Trial bij junj. All crimes, except in cases of imjieach- 

ment, shall be tried by jury 3 2 3 26 

Such trial shall be lield in the State within which 

the crime shall have been committed 3 2 3 26 

But when not committed within a State, the trial 
shall be at such place as Congress may by law have 

directed 3 2 3 26 

In all criminal prosecutiun.s the accused shall have a 

speedy and public. [Amendments]. 6 - - 36 

Suits at common law, when the amount exceeds $20, 

shall be by. [Amendment.s] 7 - - 36 

Tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. Congress shall 

have power to constitute 1 <*^ •' 12 

Troopn or ships of war in time of peace without the consent 

of Congress. No State shall keep 1 10 3 19 

TVust and profit under the United States shall be an t'lector 
for President and Vice-President. No Senatdr, 
Representative, or i)er.S(in holding any office of 2 1 2 20 

Two-thirds of the members i>re.sent. No person shall be 
convicted on impeachment withdut the concur- 
rence of... 13 4 

Two-thirds, may expel a memljer. Each House, with the 

concurrence of 15 2 5 

Two-thirds. A bill returned by the President with his 
objections may be repassed by each Ilou.-^e l)y a 
vote of 1 "* 2 6 

Two-thirds of the Senators present concur. The President 
shall have power, by and with the advice and con- 
sent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided 2 2 2 21 

Tivo-thirds of the legislatures of the several States. Con- 
gress shall call a convention for proposing amend- 
ments to the Constitution on the application of 5 - - 30 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 115 

Tivo-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary. Con- '"" ' ^°" °^' ^*^''' 
gress shall propose amendments to the Constitu- 
tion whenever ., 5 _ _ 30 

Two-thirds of the States. ,^ When the choice of a President 
shall devolve on the Plouse of Representatives, a 
quorum shall coosist of a member or members 
from. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

Two-thirds of the whole number of Senators. A quorum 
of the Senate, when choosing a Vice-President, 
shall consist of . [Amendments] 12 - - 40 

Two-thirds, may remove the disabilities imposed by the 
third section of the fourteenth amendment. Con- 
gress by a vote of . [Amendments] 14 3,-46 

Two years. Appropriations for raising and supporting 

armies shall not be for a longer term than 1 8 12 12 

U. 

Union. To establish a more perfect. [Preamble] - - _ i 

The President shall, from time to time, give to Con- 
gress information of the state of the 2 3 - 22 

New States may be admitted by Congress into this.. 4 3 1 29 
But no new State shall be formed or erected within 
the jurisdiction of another 4 3 1 29 

Unreasonable searches and seizures. The people shall be ■ 
secured in their persons, houses, papers, and 

effects against. [Amendments] 4 - - 34 

And no warrants shall be issued but upon probable " 
cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and par- 
ticularly describing the place to be searched, and 
the persons or things to be seized. [Amend- 
ments] _ __ 4 _ _ 34 

Unusual punishments inflicted. , Excessive bail shall not 
be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel 
and. [Amendments] 8 - - 37 

Use without just compensation. Private property shall 

not be taken for public. [Amendments] 5 - - 34 

Useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and 
inventors the exclusive right to their writings and 
inventions. Congress shall have power to promote 
the progress of science and the 1 8 8 11 



116 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 



V. 

Art. Sec. 

Vncancies happeninjr in the representation of a State. The 

executive thi-reof shall is.-iiie writs uf election to fill. 1 L' 

Vacancies happening in the Senate in the recess of the 

legislature of a State. How tilled 1 'A 

Varancicn that liappened durin;,' the rece.«.s of the Senate 
by grautinj; coniniissiouH which shall expire at the 
end of the next session. The Pre.sident shall have 
power to fifl 2 2 

Validihj of the puljlic debt incurred in suppressint: insur- 
rection against the United States, including debt 
for pensions and bounties, shall not be questioned. 
[Aiuendinents] 14 4 

Vesseh lx)und to or from the port.s of one State shall not 
be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another 
State 

Veto of a bill by the Presi<lent. Proceedings of the two 
Houses u]K>n the 

Vlrc-I'rrxUlenl of the L'nite<l States shall be President of 

the Senate 

He shall have no vote unless the Senate l^e equally 

divided 

The Senate shall elect a President pro tenijiort' in the 

absen(^e of the 

He shall be chosen for tlie term of four years 

The number and the manner of appointing electors 

for President and 

In case of removal, death, resignation, or inability 
of the President, the power and duties of his oflice 

shall devolve on the 

Congress may provide by law for the case of the re- 
moval, death, resignation, or inal)ility, lx)th of the 
Presi<lent and 

Vice-Presidnit on impeachment for and conviction, of 
treason, bribery, and other high crimes and misde- 
meanors shall be removed from office. The 

Vice-President. The manner of choosing the. The electors 
shall meet in their resj>ective States and vote by 
ballot for President and Vice-President, one of 
whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the 

same State with themselves. [Amendments] 

The electors shall name, in distinct ballots, the per- 
son voted for as Vice-President. [Amendments]. 



Cl. Page. 

4 :i 

2 4 
.'i 22 
- 4() 



1 9 


() 


14 


1 t 


• * 


() 


1 H 


4 


4 


1 •> 


4 


4 


1 :\ 

2 1 


5 

1 


4 
19 



2 19 



1 5 20 



1 5 20 



- 22 



12 - 



12 - 



- 39 

- 39 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 117 

Art. See. CI. Page. 

Vice-President. The manner of choosing the. They shall 
make distinct lists of the persons voted for as Vice- 
President, which lists they, shall sign and certify, 
and send sealed to the seat of Government, directed 
to the President of the Senate. [Amendments] . . 12 - - 39 

The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, open all 
the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
[Amendments] 12 - - 39 

The person having the' greatest number of votes shall 
be Vice-President if such number be a majority of 
the whole number of electors. [Amendments] . . 12 - - 39 

If no person have a majority, then from the two 
highest numbers on the list the Senate shall 
choose the Vice-President. [Amendments] 12 - - 40 

A quorum for this purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
of the v/hole number of Senators; and a majority 
of the. whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 
[Amendments] 12 - - 40 

But if the House shall make no choice of a President 
before the 4th of March next following, then the 
Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case 
of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. [Amendments] 12 - - 39 

No person constitutionally ineligible as President 

shall be eligible as. [Amendments] 12 - - 40 

Violence. The United States shall guarantee to every 
State a republican form of Government, and shall 
protect each State against invasion and domestic. . -4 4 - 29 
Virginia entitled to ten Representatives in the First Con- 
gress 1 2 3 3 

Vote. Each Senator shall have one 13 14 

The Vice-President, unless the Senate be equally 

divided, shall have no 13 4 4 

Vote requiring the concurrence of the two Houses (except 
upon a question of adjournment) shall be pre- 
sented to the President. Every order, resolution, 

or '- 17 3 7 

Vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States 
or by any State on account of race, color, or previ- 
ous condition of servitude. The right of citizens of 
the United States to. [Amendments] 15 1 - 47 



118 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 

Art. Sec CI. Pape. 

Voteoftiro-thirrh. Each Hoiiye ma^' expel a member l)y a. 1 5 2 5. 

A bill vetoed by the Pre.«i(lent may bp repa.'^seil in 
each House by a 17 2 6 

No person shall be convicted on an impeachment 

except by a 1 8 ti 4 

Whenever both Houses shall deem it necessary, Con- 
gress may propose amendments to the Con.stitution 
by a 5 - - ?A) 

The Pref>ident may make treaties, with the advice and 

consent of the Senate, by a 2 2 2 21 

Disabilities incurred by particijtation in insurrection 
or rebellion may be relieved by Congress by a. 
[Amendments] 14 3 - 46 

W. 

U or, grant letters of marque and reprisals, and make rules 
concerning captures on land and water. Congress 

shall have power to declare 1 8 11 12 

For governing the land and naval forces. Congress 

shall have power to make rules and articles of 1 8 14 12 

No State shall, without the con.«ent of Congre.«s, un- 
less actually invaded, or in such innninent danger 
as will not admit of delay, eng-age in 1 10 3 1!) 

TlVjr against the United States, adhering to their enemies, 
and giving them aid and comfort. Trea.-^on shall 
consist only in levying 3 3 1 26 

Warrant!* shall issue but upon probable cause, on oath or 
affirmation, describing the place to l)e searched, 
and the persons or tlungs to be seized. No. 
[Amendments] 4 - - 34 

Weicfhts and measures. Congress shall lix the standard of. 1 8 5 11 

Welfare, and to secure the blessings of lilterty, etc. To 

promote the general. [Preamble] - - - 1 

Welfare. Congress shall have power to provide for the 

common defense and general 1 8 1 7 

W'dness against himself. No person shall, in a criminal 

case, be compelled to be a. [Amendments] .5 - - 34 

Witneif»es< against him. In all criminal prosecutions* the 
accused shall be confronted with the. [Amend- 
ments] 6 - - 36 



INDEX TO CONSTITUTION. 119 

Art. Sec. CI. Page. 

Witnesses in his favor. In all criminal prosecutions the 
accused shall. have compulsory process for obtain- 
ing. [Amendments] -^ 6 - - 36 

Witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
court. No person shall be convicted of treason 
unless on the testimony of two 3 3 1 27 

Writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless in 
case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it 1 9 2 14 

Writs of election to fill vacancies in the representation of 

any State. The- executive of the State shall issue. 1. 2 4 3 

Written opinion of the principal officer in each of the 
Executive Departments on any subject relating to 
the duties of his ofiice. The President may require 
the ". 2 2 1 21 

Y. 

Yeas and nays of the members of either House shall, at 
the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 

on the journals 1 5 3 5 

The votes of both Houses upon the reconsideration 
of a bill returned by the President with his objec- 
tions shall be determined by 1 7 2 7 



.'^, 



